Table 2 Categories and subcategories of organizational citizenship behaviors of nurses

Helping behavior

Helping colleagues at work

Helping new-to-the-job colleagues; Assisting colleagues burdened with heavy workload; Lending a hand to tired colleagues; Aiding sick colleagues

Answering colleagues’ questions during non-shift hours; Not taking a rest to help other colleagues

Prioritizing colleagues’ tasks over their own

Helping colleagues outside of work

Providing financial support to colleagues in need; Helping colleagues solve their familial problems

Boosting morale

Making colleagues feel energized; Conveying a sense of value to colleagues and oneself

Creating a culture of support and appreciation

Performing unrelated duties as needed; Cooperating in training students; Accepting more tasks once other colleagues are in short supply; Contributing to charitable organizations to purchase equipment

Extra-role behavior

Cooperation in advancing tasks

Performing unrelated duties as needed; Cooperating in training students; Accepting more tasks once other colleagues are in short supply; Contributing to charitable organizations to purchase equipment

Creativity and efforts to promote services

Showing creativity in supplying deficiencies; Paving grounds for family-centered care conditions; Offering suggestions for improving physical environments; Maintaining equipment in departments

Contribution to professional growth and development

Individual professional development

Participating in educational workshops; Learning new skills

Support for colleagues’ professional development

Helping to improve skills in colleagues; Creating educational groups among colleagues