Table 1 Analyzed AI use cases

DD1: Automated image recognition

[5]

DD2: Staging of cancer

[48]

DD3: Objective assessment in image interpretation

[48]

DD4: Genomic cancer therapy

[49]

DD5: Voice analysis for Parkinson’s disease

[50]

DD6: Electroencephalography analysis to detect seizures

[51]

DD7: Facial analysis for detection of rare disease

[52]

BR1: De novo drug design

[6]

BR2: Predictive biomarkers in aging for drug development

[53]

BR3: De-identification of private health information

[54]

BR4: Genomic splicing in research

[55]

CA1: Emergency triage

[56]

CA2: Predictions of mortality in the intensive care unit

[57]

CA3: Operating room scheduling

[34]

CA4: Automated text summarization

[58]

T1: Prediction of the required insulin

[8]

T2: Prediction of vasopressor medication dosage

[35]

T3: Chatbots for patients

[59]

IR1: Intelligent prosthesis

[36]

IR2: AI-based surgery robots

[60]

IR3: Workflow detection for human–robot surgery

[61]