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Table 3 Description of “Model 1” and “Model 2”1

From: Comparing risk-adjusted inpatient fall rates internationally: validation of a risk-adjustment model using multicentre cross-sectional data from hospitals in Switzerland and Austria

 

Model 1

Model 2

Predictors

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

CDS [care independent (70–75)]

Ref

  

Ref

  

CDS [to a great extent independent (60–69)]

2.20

1.86 – 2.61

< 0.001

2.24

1.93 – 2.61

< 0.001

CDS [partially dependent (45–59)]

3.08

2.58 – 3.68

< 0.001

2.97

2.53 – 3.48

< 0.001

CDS [to a great extent dependent (25–44)]

3.55

2.88 – 4.38

< 0.001

3.31

2.75 – 3.99

< 0.001

CDS [completely dependent (15–24)]

1.95

1.34 – 2.83

0.001

1.96

1.43 – 2.68

< 0.001

Fall in the last 12 months [yes]

2.17

1.91 – 2.46

< 0.001

2.20

1.95 – 2.50

< 0.001

Sedative/psychotropic medication intake [yes]

1.75

1.54 – 1.98

< 0.001

1.78

1.57 – 2.02

< 0.001

Age [18–64 years]

Ref

  

Ref

  

Age [65–74 years]

1.35

1.12 – 1.62

0.002

1.45

1.23 – 1.71

< 0.001

Age [75–84 years]

1.60

1.34 – 1.90

< 0.001

1.59

1.36 – 1.86

< 0.001

Age [≥ 85 years]

1.55

1.28 – 1.88

 < 0.001

1.56

1.31 – 1.85

< 0.001

ICD-10—Mental and Behavioural disorders [yes]

1.55

1.36 – 1.77

 < 0.001

1.52

1.35 – 1.71

< 0.001

ICD-10—Neoplasms [yes]

1.26

1.10 – 1.44

0.001

1.21

1.07 – 1.37

0.002

ICD-10—Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs [yes]

1.23

1.07 – 1.41

0.003

1.25

1.10 – 1.42

0.001

ICD-10—Certain infectious and parasitic diseases [yes]

1.19

1.02 – 1.38

0.029

1.15

1.00 – 1.33

0.055

ICD-10—Factors influencing health status [yes]

1.21

0.99 – 1.46

0.059

1.22

1.03 – 1.45

0.023

ICD-10—Diseases of the nervous system [yes]

1.14

0.99 – 1.32

0.068

1.14

1.00 – 1.30

0.045

ICD-10—Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases [yes]

1.13

1.00 – 1.28

0.047

1.12

1.01 – 1.25

0.035

ICD-10—Diseases of the musculoskeletal system [yes]

0.91

0.80 – 1.03

0.116

0.89

0.80 – 1.00

0.050

Surgical procedure within 14 days prior to measurement [yes]

0.82

0.72 – 0.93

0.003

0.81

0.71 – 0.92

0.002

Sex [female]

0.79

0.70 – 0.89

< 0.001

0.76

0.68 – 0.85

< 0.001

ICD-10—Diseases of the ear [yes]

0.69

0.48 – 0.99

0.043

0.69

0.49 – 0.97

0.031

Country [Austria]

1.36

0.88 – 2.12

0.168

1.19

0.89 – 1.60

0.250

CDS [to a great extent independent (60–69)]:Country [Austria]

1.14

0.79 – 1.64

0.4752

   

CDS [partially dependent (45–59)]:Country [Austria]

0.82

0.55 – 1.22

0.3262

   

CDS [to a great extent dependent (25–44)]:Country [Austria]

0.72

0.46 – 1.15

0.1722

   

CDS [completely dependent (15–24)]:Country [Austria]

1.04

0.52 – 2.06

0.9202

   

Fall in the last 12 months [yes]:Country [Austria]

1.33

1.00 – 1.76

0.049

1.25

0.96 – 1.64

0.102

Sedative/psychotropic medication intake [yes]:Country [Austria]

1.31

0.98 – 1.74

0.067

1.18

0.90 – 1.55

0.230

Age [65–74 years]:Country [Austria]

1.38

0.92 – 2.06

0.1223

   

Age [75–84 years]:Country [Austria]

0.97

0.65 – 1.44

0.8803

   

Age [= 85 years]:Country [Austria]

1.02

0.65 – 1.60

0.9263

   

ICD-10—Mental and Behavioural disorders [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.86

0.63 – 1.18

0.349

   

ICD-10—Neoplasms [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.81

0.57 – 1.13

0.208

   

ICD-10—Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs [yes]:Country [Austria]

1.08

0.74 – 1.56

0.700

   

ICD-10—Certain infectious and parasitic diseases [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.80

0.51 – 1.25

0.322

   

ICD-10—Factors influencing health status [yes]:Country [Austria]

1.03

0.68 – 1.58

0.878

   

ICD-10—Diseases of the nervous system [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.98

0.70 – 1.38

0.904

   

ICD-10—Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.94

0.72 – 1.23

0.641

   

ICD-10—Diseases of the musculoskeletal system [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.93

0.69 – 1.25

0.623

   

Surgical procedure within 14 days prior to measurement [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.70

0.48 – 1.03

0.069

0.73

0.50 – 1.07

0.104

Sex [female]:Country [Austria]

0.83

0.63 – 1.09

0.178

   

ICD-10—Diseases of the ear [yes]:Country [Austria]

0.92

0.31 – 2.75

0.882

   

Random Effects

 σ2 [residual variance]

3.29

3.29

 τ00 [variability in hospital intercepts]

0.09

0.09

 N [hospitals]

176

176

 Observations

43,984

43,984

 AIC

11,871

11,855

  1. CDS Care dependency scale, ICD-10 International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision, Ref. reference category, significant OR are highlighted in bold
  2. 1 “Model 1” describes the inpatient fall risk adjustment model including all interaction terms regarding patient-related fall risk factors and country and “Model 2” describes the inpatient fall risk adjustment model including the relevant interaction effects found in “Model 1”
  3. 2 “Model 1” without the interaction term CDS*Country revealed a lower AIC value of 11,869. The interaction term CDS*Country is therefore not included in “Model 2”
  4. 3 “Model 1” without the interaction term Age*Country revealed a lower AIC value of 11,870. The interaction term Age*Country is therefore not included in “Model 2”