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Table 3 Number and proportion of studies reporting significant positive impact of health insurance on maternal and reproductive health service utilisation and financial protection indicators

From: The impact of health insurance on maternal and reproductive health service utilization and financial protection in low- and lower middle-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence

Objective

Category of indicator

Indicator subcategory

Indicator

Studies

Significant positive (n)

Total studies (N)

Proportion (%)

Utilisation

Contraception

Contraceptive use

Contraceptive useb

0

1

0.0

ANC

Timing of ANC

Having first ANC visit in first trimester

1

1

100.0

Reduction in time to first ANC visit

1

1

100.0

Frequency of ANC visits

At least 4 ANC visitsa

6

8

75.0

Number of ANC visits during a pregnancy

1

2

50.0

Number of ANC visits in 1st trimester

1

2

50.0

Number of ANC visits in 2nd trimester

1

1

100.0

Number of ANC visits in 3rd trimester

1

1

100.0

Skilled staff during ANC visit

ANC with skilled staff

1

3

33.3

Components of ANC visits

Complete assessment in ANC

1

1

100.0

Delivery

Place of delivery

Delivery at health facilityb

10

12

83.3

Skilled staff during delivery

Delivery assisted by skilled attendant

6

7

85.7

Type of delivery

Reduction in C section delivery

2

3

66.7

Postnatal care

Postnatal care attendance

Postnatal care

2

4

50.0

Timing of postnatal care

PNC before leaving facility

0

1

0.0

PNC after discharge

0

1

0.0

Skilled staff during postnatal care

PNC with skilled provider

1

1

100.0

Financial protection

Cost of services to the patient

OOPE due to delivery

Reduction of OOPE due to deliveryb

1

2

50.0

Reduction of OOPE due to C-section

0

1

0.0

Financial hardship

Reduction of financial distress after c-section

1

1

100.0

Reduction of CHE

0

1

0.0

  1. Level of significance of the impact measure reported in this table is 95% Confidence interval
  2. Studies rated as having serious risk of bias were excluded from this table
  3. ANC Antenatal care, CHE Catastrophic health expenditure, OOPE Out of pocket expenditure, PNC Postnatal care
  4. aOne study was excluded from the calculation because of having serious risk of bias
  5. bTwo studies were excluded from the calculation because of having serious risk of bias