Table 5 Work stressors associated with health professionals’ health-related outcomes
Acute care/rehabilitation hospitals | Psychiatric hospitals | Nursing homes | Home care organizations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome variable: general health status | Marginal R2 = 0.22; Conditional R2 = 0.22 | Marginal R2 = 0.22, Conditional R2 = 0.21 | Marginal R2 = 0.23; Conditional R2 = 0.25 | Marginal R2 = 0.17; Conditional R2 = 0.20 | ||||||||
Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | |
(Intercept) | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.496 | 0.00 | 3.84 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 4.58 | 0.000 |
Age (years) | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.076 | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.076 | -0.09 | 0.05 | 0.012 | |||
Years of professional experience | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.152 | |||||||||
Employees in administration and research | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.004 | |||||||||
Physicians | 0.07 | 1.11 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.019 | 0.04 | 6.50 | 0.092 | |||
Nurse assistants with a formal education | -0.05 | 0.94 | 0.000 | 0.06 | 1.03 | 0.030 | ||||||
Registered nurses | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.034 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 0.040 | ||||||
Gender | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.138 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.125 | ||||||
Physical demands at work | -0.09 | 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.10 | 0.02 | 0.001 | -0.13 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.14 | 0.03 | 0.000 |
Quantitative demands at work | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.016 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.134 | ||||||
Demands to hide emotions | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | |||||||||
Meaning of work | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||
Influence at work | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0.106 | |||||||||
Opportunities for development | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.144 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.014 | |||
Scope for breaks/holidays | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.120 | ||||||
Bond with the organization | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.077 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.088 |
Feedback | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.032 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0.196 | ||||||
Quality of leadership | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.100 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0.176 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.052 | |||
Social community at work | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.094 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.050 | |||
Role clarity | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.172 | ||||||
Role conflicts | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0.103 | |||||||||
Social support at work | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.168 | |||||||||
Unfair behavior | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.006 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.036 | ||||||
Predictability | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.230 | |||||||||
Rewards | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.046 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.000 | ||||||
Insecurity of the working environment | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.028 | -0.07 | 0.02 | 0.046 | ||||||
Difficulties with demarcation | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.116 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.037 | -0.09 | 0.02 | 0.004 | |||
Work–private life conflict | -0.27 | 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.28 | 0.03 | 0.001 | -0.27 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.24 | 0.03 | 0.000 |
Demanding work environment | -0.07 | 0.02 | 0.006 | |||||||||
Middle-management position | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.094 | |||||||||
Doing shift work | 0.07 | 0.94 | 0.014 | |||||||||
Language region: German-speaking | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.058 | |||||||||
Language region: French-speaking | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.033 | -0.04 | 1.51 | 0.200 | ||||||
Outcome variable: burnout symptoms | Marginal R2 = 0.40; Conditional R2 = 0.40 | Marginal R2 = 0.36; Conditional R2 = 0.36 | Marginal R2 = 0.40; Conditional R2 = 0.42 | Marginal R2 = 0.38; Conditional R2 = 0.39 | ||||||||
Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | |
(Intercept) | 0.00 | 2.48 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 4.18 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 4.92 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 4.01 | 0.000 |
Age (years) | -0.12 | 0.04 | 0.000 | -0.10 | 0.03 | 0.000 | -0.12 | 0.03 | 0.000 | |||
Years of professional experience | -0.06 | 0.04 | 0.018 | -0.12 | 0.04 | 0.000 | ||||||
Still in training | -0.03 | 1.12 | 0.266 | |||||||||
Physicians | -0.03 | 1.05 | 0.018 | -0.05 | 1.38 | 0.002 | ||||||
Midwives | 0.03 | 1.53 | 0.014 | |||||||||
Nurse assistants with a formal education | 0.04 | 0.83 | 0.000 | -0.04 | 1.10 | 0.140 | 0.06 | 1.08 | 0.014 | |||
Registered nurses | -0.04 | 0.89 | 0.052 | -0.06 | 1.24 | 0.014 | ||||||
Working hours per week | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.126 | |||||||||
Gender | -0.07 | 0.70 | 0.000 | -0.07 | 0.80 | 0.000 | -0.07 | 1.32 | 0.002 | -0.07 | 2.04 | 0.004 |
Emotional demands at work | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.042 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.010 | |||
Physical demands at work | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.016 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.004 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.002 | |||
Quantitative demands at work | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.000 | |||
Demands to hide emotions | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.030 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.012 |
Meaning of work | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.052 | ||||||
Influence at work | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0.044 | |||||||||
Bond with the organization | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.010 | -0.08 | 0.03 | 0.000 | -0.06 | 0.03 | 0.004 |
Feedback | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.114 | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.038 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.040 | |||
Social community at work | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.040 | |||||||||
Role clarity | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.024 | |||||||||
Role conflicts | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.040 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.068 | |||
Social support at work | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.042 | |||||||||
Unfair behavior | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||||||
Rewards | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.184 | |||||||||
Insecurity of the working environment | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.128 | ||||||
Work–private life conflict | 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 0.000 |
Demanding work environment | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.044 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.000 | |||
Middle-management position | 0.04 | 1.50 | 0.140 | |||||||||
Upper-management position | -0.02 | 1.20 | 0.088 | 0.03 | 1.69 | 0.130 | ||||||
Doing shift work | -0.08 | 0.69 | 0.000 | -0.06 | 0.90 | 0.008 | ||||||
Language region: German-speaking | -0.10 | 0.83 | 0.000 | 0.07 | 2.47 | 0.016 | ||||||
Language region: French-speaking | 0.11 | 3.83 | 0.000 | 0.07 | 1.69 | 0.006 | ||||||
Outcome variable: quality of sleep | Marginal R2 = 0.24; Conditional R2 = 0.24 | Marginal R2 = 0.23; Conditional R2 = 0.23 | Marginal R2 = 0.29; Conditional R2 = 0.30 | Marginal R2 = 0.20; Conditional R2 = 0.25 | ||||||||
Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | Beta (std.) | SE* | P* | |
(Intercept) | 0.00 | 2.56 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.390 | 0.00 | 5.62 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 5.14 | 0.000 |
Age (years) | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.000 | |||||||||
Years in current position | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.056 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.106 | ||||||
Years of professional experience | -0.10 | 0.05 | 0.000 | |||||||||
Midwives | -0.02 | 1.68 | 0.174 | |||||||||
Employees in administration and research | 0.05 | 6.54 | 0.048 | |||||||||
Physicians | 0.04 | 1.06 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.100 | ||||||
Nurse assistants without formal education | 0.02 | 2.53 | 0.160 | |||||||||
Nurse assistants with a formal education | -0.03 | 0.84 | 0.034 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 0.042 | -0.05 | 1.06 | 0.056 |
Working hours per week | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.098 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.006 |
Emotional demands at work | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.000 | -0.04 | 0.04 | 0.180 | |||
Physical demands at work | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.046 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0.100 | ||||||
Quantitative demands at work | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.119 | |||||||||
Demands to hide emotions | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.126 | |||||||||
Meaning of work | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.022 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.050 | |||
Opportunities for development | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.056 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.016 | |||
Bond with the organization | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0.182 | ||||||
Quality of leadership | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.038 | |||||||||
Social community at work | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.016 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.019 | ||||||
Social relations at work | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.021 | |||||||||
Role clarity | -0.03 | 0.04 | 0.354 | |||||||||
Role conflicts | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.008 | |||||||||
Social support at work | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.034 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.032 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.134 | |||
Predictability | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.278 | |||||||||
Rewards | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.100 | |||||||||
Insecurity of the working environment | -0.06 | 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.07 | 0.02 | 0.007 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.050 | -0.06 | 0.03 | 0.036 |
Difficulties with demarcation | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.015 | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.042 | |||
Work–private life conflict | -0.31 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.36 | 0.03 | 0.001 | -0.34 | 0.02 | 0.000 | -0.31 | 0.03 | 0.000 |
Demanding work environment | -0.05 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.006 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.042 | |||
Middle-management position | 0.08 | 1.43 | 0.004 | |||||||||
Upper-management position | -0.03 | 2.98 | 0.182 | |||||||||
Language region: German-speaking | 0.15 | 0.75 | 0.000 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.21 | 2.76 | 0.000 | |||
Language region: French-speaking | 0.09 | 2.89 | 0.052 | |||||||||