From: Socioeconomic differences in healthcare expenditure and utilization in The Netherlands
 | Participants aged 25–44 years | Participants aged 45–64 years | Participants aged 65–79 years | Total study population | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 | Educational level Low vs. high | Income 1st vs. 5th quintile | Educational level Low vs. high | Income 1st vs. 5th quintile | Educational level Low vs. high | Income 1st vs. 5th quintile | Educational level Low vs. high | Income 1st vs. 5th quintile | |||||||||||||||||
Model | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | OR / RR + 95 % CI | |||||||||||||||||
Total healthcare expenditure (amount among those with expenditure) | 1 | 1.82 | 1.46 | 2.27 | 1.96 | 1.72 | 2.23 | 2.47 | 2.14 | 2.86 | 2.51 | 2.25 | 2.80 | 1.60 | 1.39 | 1.84 | 1.56 | 1.36 | 1.77 | 2.10 | 1.91 | 2.30 | 2.06 | 1.92 | 2.21 |
2 | 1.17 | 0.95 | 1.44 | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.24 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.05 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 1.24 | 1.07 | 0.95 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.04 | 1.24 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.21 | |
General practitioner care (amount among those with expenditure) | 1 | 1.43 | 1.28 | 1.61 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.59 | 1.61 | 1.49 | 1.74 | 1.52 | 1.43 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 1.08 | 1.29 | 1.23 | 1.13 | 1.33 | 1.44 | 1.37 | 1.51 | 1.44 | 1.38 | 1.49 |
2 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.21 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.19 | |
Hospital care (yes) | 1 | 1.72 | 1.30 | 2.28 | 1.52 | 1.29 | 1.79 | 2.00 | 1.62 | 2.48 | 1.28 | 1.10 | 1.49 | 1.77 | 1.28 | 2.44 | 1.15 | 0.87 | 1.51 | 1.87 | 1.62 | 2.17 | 1.35 | 1.22 | 1.50 |
2 | 1.27 | 0.95 | 1.71 | 1.12 | 0.95 | 1.33 | 1.16 | 0.93 | 1.46 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.87 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.21 | 1.03 | 1.41 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.98 | |
Hospital care (amount among those with expenditure) | 1 | 1.26 | 0.97 | 1.62 | 1.10 | 0.94 | 1.30 | 1.86 | 1.58 | 2.19 | 1.94 | 1.70 | 2.22 | 1.49 | 1.26 | 1.75 | 1.34 | 1.14 | 1.56 | 1.71 | 1.53 | 1.90 | 1.51 | 1.38 | 1.65 |
2 | 0.97 | 0.75 | 1.26 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 1.18 | 1.10 | 0.96 | 1.26 | 1.06 | 0.90 | 1.25 | 1.01 | 0.87 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 0.96 | 1.17 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 1.06 | |
Mental health care (yes) | 1 | 1.76 | 1.10 | 2.82 | 3.11 | 2.24 | 4.32 | 1.79 | 1.21 | 2.65 | 3.12 | 2.22 | 4.39 | 0.75 | 0.37 | 1.54 | 1.37 | 0.70 | 2.69 | 1.60 | 1.21 | 2.11 | 2.86 | 2.29 | 3.58 |
2 | 0.88 | 0.53 | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.11 | 2.25 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 1.29 | 0.89 | 1.86 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.93 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 1.71 | 0.69 | 0.51 | 0.94 | 1.35 | 1.06 | 1.71 | |
Mental health care (amount among those with expenditure) | 1 | 1.32 | 0.81 | 2.17 | 1.35 | 0.96 | 1.89 | 1.68 | 1.14 | 2.48 | NA | NA | NA | 1.33 | 0.56 | 3.14 | 1.64 | 0.69 | 3.87 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1.45 | 2.31 |
2 | 1.14 | 0.72 | 1.79 | 1.18 | 0.86 | 1.64 | 1.29 | 0.86 | 1.91 | NA | NA | NA | 0.89 | 0.37 | 2.15 | 0.99 | 0.37 | 2.63 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 1.49 | 1.49 | 1.19 | 1.88 |