Table 3 Factors associated with length of stay for hip fracture surgery patients in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan^a

Sex

Male

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Female

−0.910

0.154

<0.001

1.249

0.159

<0.001

−0.126

0.048

0.008

Age

50–64

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

65–74

1.454

0.336

<0.001

0.128

0.280

0.648

0.311

0.083

<0.001

75–84

2.301

0.307

<0.001

0.197

0.254

0.438

0.696

0.075

<0.001

85 +

1.232

0.304

<0.001

−0.313

0.269

0.246

1.045

0.077

<0.001

Household income level

Q1

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Q2

−0.341

0.192

0.076

−0.211

0.206

0.304

Q3

−0.131

0.198

0.510

−0.362

0.206

0.079

Q4

0.273

0.192

0.155

−0.382

0.207

0.066

Charlson Comorbidity Index

0

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

1

2.377

0.244

<0.001

0.323

0.157

0.039

0.500

0.058

<0.001

2

−0.836

0.153

<0.001

1.380

0.229

<0.001

0.649

0.071

<0.001

3

1.683

0.354

<0.001

3.176

0.383

<0.001

0.690

0.099

<0.001

4+

−0.231

0.299

0.440

2.571

0.545

<0.001

0.825

0.100

<0.001

Surgical intervention/ Procedure

Internal fixation

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.) 

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Hemiarthroplasty

0.251

0.135

0.063

−0.293

0.148

0.048

0.463

0.047

<0.001

Total hip arthroplasty

2.351

0.625

<0.001

−0.415

0.375

0.269

1.070

0.386

0.006

Location

Urban

−2.789

0.987

0.005

−3.408

1.736

0.050

−0.422

0.409

0.304

Rural

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Ownership

Public

−3.265

0.771

<0.001

5.336

1.057

<0.001

−0.135

0.197

0.493

Private/Other

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Teaching hospital

Yes

−6.319

1.512

<0.001

−3.043

0.948

0.001

0.128

0.280

0.647

No

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

No. of hosp. Beds

30–99

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

100–399

−1.462

2.239

0.514

4.376

0.677

<0.001

1.976

0.620

0.002

400+

−8.584

2.316

<0.001

1.745

1.049

0.097

2.311

0.611

<0.001

No. of hip fracture patients

Q1

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

(ref.)

Q2

−2.258

1.064

0.034

−1.684

0.852

0.048

−0.919

0.361

0.011

Q3

−4.930

1.077

<0.001

−0.536

0.895

0.550

−1.288

0.396

0.001

Q4

−12.407

1.087

<0.001

−0.949

0.969

0.328

−1.354

0.413

0.001

Regional characteristics

(for hospital location)

Disposable income (USD PPP, 2010)

0.255

0.271

0.347

−0.389

0.369

0.292

0.081

0.078

0.300

Herfindahl-Hirschman index

2.385

1.075

0.027

1.489

0.636

0.019

−1.092

0.394

0.006

% elderly living alone

−0.216

0.157

0.168

0.748

0.292

0.011

0.007

0.083

0.929

No. of physicians per 1000 persons

2.576

1.374

0.061

−0.094

0.894

0.916

−0.922

0.543

0.091

No. of hospital beds per 1000 persons

−0.124

0.197

0.528

−0.069

0.086

0.421

0.098

0.149

0.511

No. of home care facilities per 10,000 persons

−0.145

0.111

0.192

−1.716

0.760

0.024

−0.402

0.867

0.643

% social welfare expenditure

0.289

0.101

0.004

0.232

0.126

0.067

−0.010

0.096

0.918