Table 2 Burdens for informal caregivers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1000)
| Â | Main Caregiver | Time required | Level of care | Dementia | Professional help | Number of Involvement indicators met | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes 63.2% (n = 632) | No 35.8% (n = 358) | Short expenditure of time 84.0% (n = 840) | High expenditure of time 16.0% (n = 160) | Minor Level 47.7% (n = 477) | Serious Level 50.8% (n = 508) | Yes 31.5% (n = 315) | No 67.3% (n = 673) | Yes 52.6% (n = 526) | No 47.4% (n = 474) | Mean (SD) | |
Secondary Stressors | |||||||||||
 Change in care situation (%, n) | |||||||||||
  much/somewhat better | 3.3 (21) | 3.1 (11) | 3.1 (26) | 3.8 (6) | 3.1 (15) | 3.1 (16) | 2.2 (7) | 3.7 (25)*** | 3.6 (19)** | 1.5 (7) | 2.0 (1.1) |
  no change | 63.9 (404) | 65.4 (234) | 64.8 (544) | 63.1 (101) | 68.3 (326) | 61.2 (311) | 56.2 (177) | 69.4 (460)*** | 59.3 (312) | 70.3 (333)** | 2.1 (1.1) |
  somewhat/much worse | 31.3 (198) | 29.1 (104) | 30.4 (255) | 30.6 (49) | 27.3 (130) | 33.5 (170) | 39.7 (125)*** | 26.2 (176) | 34.8 (183)** | 25.5 (121) | 2.2 (1.1) |
  n.s. | 1.4 (9) | 2.6 (9) | 1.8 (15) | 2.5 (4) | 1.3 (6) | 2.2 (11) | 1.9 (6)*** | 1.8 (12) | 2.3 (12)** | 1.5 (7) | 2.0 (1.1) |
 Concerns/excessive demands (M, SD) | 9.9 (3.4) | 9.7 (3.3) | 9.8 (3.3) | 10.2 (3.9) | 9.5 (3.4) | 10.2 (3.3)** | 10.7 (3.6)*** | 9.4 (3.2) | 10.3 (3.5)*** | 9.3 (3.2) | 2.1 (1.1) |
Intermediating Factors | |||||||||||
 Problems with implementation of COVID-19 measures (M, SD) | 9.8 (1.9) | 9.7 (1.8) | 9.7 (1.8) | 10.1 (2.3) | 9.6 (1.7) | 9.9 (2.0)** | 10.1 (2.0)*** | 9.6 (1.8) | 9.8 (1.9) | 9.7 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.1) |
 Loss of support (M, SD) | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.4 (2.4) | 2.2 (2.4) | 2.1 (2.9) | 1.9 (2.3) | 2.5 (2.6)*** | 2.7 (2.7)*** | 2.0 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.7)*** | 1.5 (2.0) | 2.1 (1.1) |
 Provision, comprehension & practicability of COVID-19 information5 (M, SD) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.8)** | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.7) | 2.1 (1.1) |
Stress Outcomes | |||||||||||
 Negative feelings M (SD) | 8.7 (1.6) | 8.7 (1.7) | 8.7 (1.6) | 8.8 (1.8) | 8.7 (1.6) | 8.7 (1.7) | 9.0 (1.8)*** | 8.6 (1.5) | 8.8 (1.6)** | 8.6 (1.6) | 2.1 (1.1) |
 Caregiving by myself (%, n) | |||||||||||
  has stopped completely | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | – |
  decreased | 9.5 (60) | 18.4 (66)*** | 14.6 (123)*** | 2.5 (4) | 11.5 (55) | 13.8 (70) | 12.4 (39) | 13.1 (88) | 15.2 (80)* | 9.9 (47) | 1.7 (0.9) |
  did not change | 68.8 (435)*** | 63.7 (228) | 65.4 (549) | 76.3 (122)*** | 66.9 (319) | 67.3 (342) | 64.4 (203) | 68.4 (460) | 63.3 (333) | 71.3 (338)* | 2.1 (1.2) |
  increased | 21.7 (137)*** | 17.9 (64) | 20.0 (168) | 21.3 (34)*** | 21.6 (103) | 18.9 (96) | 23.2 (73) | 18.6 (125) | 21.5 (113)* | 18.8 (89) | 2.1 (1.1) |