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Table 8 Definition of variables

From: Does health insurance coverage reduce informal payments? Evidence from the “red envelopes” in China

Variables

Description

Dependent variables

 Red envelopes

Whether or not a red envelope payment was made in the most recent inpatient admission

Independent variables

 ins

Involved in any health insurance? Yes = 1, No = 0

 SHI

Involved in any social health insurance? Yes = 1, No = 0

 PHI

Involved in any commercial health insurance? Yes = 1, No = 0

 UEBMI

Involved in UEMI? Yes = 1, No = 0

 NCMS

Involved in NCMS? Yes = 1, No = 0

 Tins

Interaction between year and SHI coverage

controls

 gender

Male = 1, female = 0

 age

Age of the subjects

 married

Married = 1, unmarried = 2, other = 3

 hukou

Rural = 1, urban = 2, other = 3

 rural

Live in rural or urban region. Rural = 1, urban = 0

 health status

Health status

 household size

Household size

 ln (income)

Ln (individual annual income)

 ln (asset)

Ln (household annual assets)

 work status

Job categories

N

Sample size