How and to what extent can pensions facilitate increased use of health services by older people: evidence from social pension expansion in rural China

Chen, Shanquan; Chen, Xi; Law, Stephen; Lucas, Henry; Tang, Shenlan; Long, Qian; Xue, Lei; Wang, Zheng

doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05831-0

Table 3 Robust test of retirement pension on health service utilization by different bandwidth^a

From: How and to what extent can pensions facilitate increased use of health services by older people: evidence from social pension expansion in rural China

	Bandwidth^b	Total	Low income	Low-middle income	Middle-high income	High income
Outpatient
Contact decision	bw = 3	1.081 [0.926, 1.26]	1.502** [1.108, 2.035]	1.24 [0.928, 1.651]	0.9 [0.625, 1.277]	0.743 [0.512, 1.057]
	bw = 5	1.038 [0.921, 1.168]	1.308* [1.027, 1.667]	1.018 [0.81, 1.275]	1.041 [0.809, 1.335]	0.898 [0.692, 1.159]
	bw = 7	0.998 [0.904, 1.101]	1.271* [1.04, 1.555]	0.93 [0.767, 1.127]	0.969 [0.791, 1.184]	0.899 [0.726, 1.109]
	bw = IK	1.003 [0.914, 1.101]	1.237* [1.028, 1.489]	0.922 [0.762, 1.114]	1.054 [0.82, 1.349]	0.895 [0.723, 1.105]
Frequency decision	bw = 3	0.949 [0.864, 1.039]	0.968 [0.806, 1.161]	0.892 [0.75, 1.059]	0.983 [0.785, 1.22]	0.968 [0.773, 1.199]
	bw = 5	1.026 [0.957, 1.099]	1.103 [0.953, 1.277]	0.911 [0.797, 1.041]	1.116 [0.965, 1.289]	0.955 [0.816, 1.113]
	bw = 7	1.209 [0.847, 1.701]	1.031 [0.53, 1.957]	0.962 [0.858, 1.078]	1.095 [0.975, 1.228]	1.051 [0.925, 1.192]
	bw = IK	1.041 [0.988, 1.097]	1.084 [0.969, 1.212]	0.982 [0.881, 1.095]	0.976 [0.889, 1.073]	1.079 [0.955, 1.217]
Inpatient
Contact decision	bw = 3	1.191. [0.98, 1.443]	1.526* [1.047, 2.222]	1.151 [0.788, 1.665]	1.352* [1.068, 1.713]	1.052 [0.666, 1.61]
	bw = 5	1.203* [1.038, 1.393]	1.301. [0.969, 1.748]	1.163 [0.881, 1.531]	1.275* [1.002, 1.621]	1.081 [0.772, 1.497]
	bw = 7	1.183** [1.046, 1.338]	1.297* [1.014, 1.66]	1.073 [0.848, 1.358]	1.355* [1.037, 1.771]	1.101 [0.833, 1.446]
	bw = IK	1.212*** [1.091, 1.347]	1.293* [1.035, 1.618]	1.073 [0.846, 1.359]	1.336* [1.063, 1.679]	1.121 [0.865, 1.449]
Frequency decision	bw = 3	0.88. [0.758, 1.019]	0.816 [0.62, 1.071]	0.916 [0.674, 1.235]	0.839 [0.577, 1.187]	0.825 [0.575, 1.154]
	bw = 5	0.919 [0.821, 1.028]	0.926 [0.743, 1.156]	0.864 [0.696, 1.071]	0.956 [0.75, 1.215]	0.877 [0.668, 1.142]
	bw = 7	0.918. [0.835, 1.009]	0.926 [0.771, 1.112]	0.935 [0.779, 1.122]	0.955 [0.781, 1.165]	0.847. [0.709, 1.011]
	bw = IK	0.925 [0.841, 1.016]	0.872. [0.749, 1.017]	0.969 [0.819, 1.147]	0.981 [0.819, 1.176]	0.811. [0.651, 1.006]
Self-treatment
Contact decision	bw = 3	1.108 [0.975, 1.261]	1.666** [1.171, 2.347]	1.269. [0.992, 1.625]	0.921 [0.69, 1.232]	1.977* [1.032, 3.771]
	bw = 5	1.078 [0.977, 1.189]	1.273* [1.05, 1.542]	1.097 [0.91, 1.323]	0.854 [0.69, 1.056]	1.302* [1.051, 1.616]
	bw = 7	1.074. [0.99, 1.165]	1.251** [1.067, 1.467]	1.14 [0.973, 1.336]	0.876 [0.738, 1.041]	1.207* [1.012, 1.441]
	bw = IK	1.084. [0.996, 1.181]	1.231* [1.038, 1.461]	1.136 [0.95, 1.359]	0.887 [0.757, 1.039]	1.27* [1.057, 1.527]
Over-the-counter medicines	bw = 3	1.054 [0.921, 1.205]	1.181 [0.906, 1.538]	1.232 [0.954, 1.59]	0.76* [0.584, 0.98]	1.265** [1.065, 1.502]
	bw = 5	1.061 [0.958, 1.175]	1.255* [1.021, 1.542]	1.122 [0.924, 1.362]	0.821. [0.658, 1.021]	1.27* [1.043, 1.545]
	bw = 7	1.044 [0.682, 1.582]	1.251** [1.056, 1.483]	1.137 [0.965, 1.34]	0.79* [0.627, 0.99]	1.289** [1.078, 1.541]
	bw = IK	1.076. [0.993, 1.167]	1.228** [1.052, 1.434]	1.131 [0.962, 1.33]	0.785* [0.645, 0.953]	1.293** [1.081, 1.545]
Traditional Chinese medicines	bw = 3	1.341** [1.091, 1.642]	1.092* [1.004, 1.188]	1.124 [0.954, 1.325]	1.349 [0.876, 2.032]	1.691* [1.07, 2.607]
	bw = 5	1.275** [1.082, 1.499]	1.468* [1.078, 2.004]	1.195 [0.871, 1.635]	1.286 [0.925, 1.775]	1.535* [1.065, 2.188]
	bw = 7	1.182** [1.045, 1.336]	1.385* [1.06, 1.815]	1.137 [0.89, 1.455]	1.072 [0.844, 1.359]	1.425** [1.087, 1.863]
	bw = IK	1.279** [1.093, 1.494]	1.388* [1.062, 1.817]	1.233 [0.92, 1.652]	1.292 [0.927, 1.788]	1.451* [1.077, 1.943]
Tonic or health supplement	bw = 3	1.389* [1.045, 1.833]	1.423 [0.814, 2.481]	1.421 [0.83, 2.395]	1.214 [0.619, 2.228]	1.326 [0.676, 2.431]
	bw = 5	1.258* [1.009, 1.563]	1.26 [0.81, 1.961]	1.313 [0.858, 1.999]	1.195 [0.743, 1.89]	1.217 [0.755, 1.921]
	bw = 7	1.551* [1.042, 2.295]	1.099 [0.8, 1.511]	1.131 [0.808, 1.586]	1.219 [0.866, 1.71]	1.109 [0.789, 1.552]
	bw = IK	1.205* [1.012, 1.432]	1.098 [0.795, 1.519]	1.217 [0.812, 1.815]	1.183 [0.842, 1.656]	1.233 [0.856, 1.762]

^a(data is present in effect value (sd), for contract decision the data is present in e^{effect value} (sd)
^bbw = IK means the bandwidth is the optimal bandwidth calculated by Imbens-Kalyanaraman method [67]
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05,. p < 0.1

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