Table 5 Applying the APEASE criteria to select useful intervention functions
Factors/barriers that need to change to perform target behavior (step 4) | Intervention function | Affordability | Practicability | (Cost-) Effectiveness | Acceptability | Side-effects/ Safety | Equity | Does the intervention function meet the APEASE criteria, comments why yes/no? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PhC: Lack of knowledge; lack of awareness / recognition in daily life ReM: False beliefs about consequences and own responsibility for intended outcomes | Education | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | YES – provision of knowledge |
SoO: Lack of awareness that medication intake can be improved by everyone involved in care AuM: Poor relationship with health care provider; fear of embarrassment ReM: False beliefs about own capabilities; behaviors incompatible with identity | Persuasion | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | YES – foster positive feelings, motivation; beliefs about capability, goals (self-efficacy) |
|  | Incentivization | – | ± | – | ± | + | ± | NO – not effective and not affordable |
|  | Coercion |  |  |  |  |  |  | NO – Not acceptable |
PsC: Lack of knowledge of drug intake procedure; lack of skills to develop coping strategies; limitations in memory & decision processes PhO: Lack of facilitation via support for memory, concentration, attention SoO: Lack of social or peer support AuM: Lack of coping strategies ReM: Lack of adaptive coping strategies | Training | + | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | YES – provision of training to prepare medication / use pill boxes / use reminders / self-monitoring |
| Â | Restriction | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Not applicable |
|  | Environmental restructuring | ± | ± | ± | ± | + | + | NO – not affordable (provision of administration aids) |
SoO: Lack of positive role models | Modelling | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | YES – provision of peer learning, video |
PhC: Limited physical stamina PsC: Lack of habit-forming, goal-setting or action-planning; lack of behavioral regulation PhO: Lack of facilitation via accessibility, easiness, availability, convenience SoO: Lack of social or peer support AuM: Lack of problem-solving strategies ReM: Insufficient intention and goals | Enablement | + | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | YES – skills and strategies to deal with barriers (e.g., side effects, interruptions in daily routine) |