Table 6 Summary of results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses (N = 452)
| Â | Traditional | Informal | ||||||
ƅ | β | 95% Cl | p | ƅ | β | 95% Cl | p | |
Step 1 | ||||||||
 Gendera | -.12 | -.06 | -.32, .08 | .225 | .18 | .07 | -.06, .43 | .147 |
 Age | .10 | .10 | .00, .02 | .029 | -.01 | -.06 | -.02, .00 | .212 |
 Educationb | -.15 | -.19 | -.22, -.07 | <.000 | .01 | -.08 | -.11, .09 | .890 |
 Somalia | .69 | .28 | .40, .99 | <.000 | .44 | .15 | .06, .81 | .022 |
 Pakistan | .22 | .10 | -.02, .47 | .076 | .00 | .00 | -.31, .31 | .989 |
 Poland | -.37 | -.16 | -.61, -.13 | .002 | -.27 | -.10 | -.57, .04 | .095 |
 R² |  | .22 |  | <.000 |  | 05 |  | .001 |
Step 2 | ||||||||
 Gender | -.15 | -.07 | -.34, .05 | .138 | .15 | .06 | -.09, .39 | .215 |
 Age | .01 | .01 | .00, .02 | .034 | -.01 | -.07 | -.02, .00 | .183 |
 Education | -.14 | -.18 | -.22, -.06 | <.000 | -.01 | -.01 | -.10, .09 | .901 |
 Somalia | .61 | .25 | .32, .91 | <.000 | .34 | .12 | -.03, .70 | .070 |
 Pakistan | .21 | .09 | -.03, .45 | .083 | -.01 | -.00 | -.31, .29 | .940 |
 Poland | -.34 | -.14 | -.57, -.10 | .005 | -.19 | -.07 | -.49, .10 | .201 |
 Maintenance | .13 | .03 | .08, .18 | <.000 | .19 | .28 | .13, .26 | <.000 |
 Adoption | -.02 | .03 | -.07, .03 | .478 | -.00 | -.00 | -.07, .06 | .986 |
 ∆R2 |  | .04 |  | <.000 |  | .08 | <.000 | |
 Total R² |  | .28 |  | <.000 |  | .13 | <.000 | |
| Â | Semiformal | Formal | ||||||
ƅ | β | 95% Cl | p | ƅ | β | 95% Cl | p | |
Step 1 | ||||||||
 Gendera | .03 | .01 | -.20, .28 | .788 | .61 | .20 | .31, .91 | <.000 |
 Age | -.00 | -.03 | -.02, .01 | .524 | .01 | .08 | -.00, .03 | .128 |
 Educationb | -.01 | -.02 | -.11, .08 | .787 | .01 | .01 | -.11, .12 | .917 |
 Somalia | -.01 | -.01 | -.38, .35 | .943 | .38 | .11 | -.07, .83 | .099 |
 Pakistan | -.14 | -.06 | -.44, .16 | .363 | .20 | .06 | -.17, .58 | .283 |
 Poland | -.15 | -.06 | -.44, .15 | .331 | .30 | .09 | -.07, .66 | .110 |
 R² |  | .01 |  | .889 |  | .04 | .003 | |
Step 2 | ||||||||
 Gender | .04 | .02 | -.20, .28 | .737 | .62 | .20 | .33, .92 | <.000 |
 Age | -.00 | -.02 | -.01, .01 | .768 | .01 | .10 | .00, .03 | .054 |
 Education | -.04 | -.05 | -.13, .06 | .437 | -.03 | -.03 | -.14, .01 | .647 |
 Somalia | .07 | .02 | -.30, .43 | .727 | .49 | .14 | .04, .93 | .056 |
 Pakistan | -.13 | -.05 | -.43, .17 | .387 | .22 | .07 | -.15, .58 | .247 |
 Poland | -.05 | -.02 | -.35, .24 | .733 | .42 | .13 | .06, ..78 | .063 |
 Maintenance | .01 | .02 | -.05, .08 | .675 | .01 | .01 | .-.07, .09 | .767 |
 Adoption | .12 | .18 | .05, .18 | <.000 | .16 | .19 | .08, .24 | <.000 |
 ∆R2 |  | .03 |  | .001 |  | .063 |  | <.000 |
 Total R² |  | .04 |  | .001 |  | .08 |  | <.000 |