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Table 3 Results from regressing estimated 30% co-payment rate dummy coefficients from Eq.(1) on price difference

From: Can income-based co-payment rates improve disparity? The case of the choice between brand-name and generic drugs

Dependent Variable: Estimated Coefficients \( \hat{\upbeta_{\mathrm{k}}} \)

 

Whole Sample

Acute Drugs

Chronic Drugs

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

OLS

FGLS

OLS

FGLS

OLS

FGLS

OLS

FGLS

Price Difference (per 100JPY)

0.014a (0.0072)

0.010a (0.0062)

−0.0020 (0.0082)

−0.0018 (0.0079)

0.029b (0.012)

0.023b (0.010)

0.031b (0.013)

0.022b (0.011)

Constant

−0.039b (0.0077)

−0.034b (0.0060)

− 0.030b (0.013)

−0.030b (0.012)

− 0.047b (0.0098)

−0.039b (0.0075)

− 0.031b (0.013)

−0.023b (0.010)

ATC Categories

        

Cardiovascular System

ref

ref

Alimentary Tract and Metabolism

−0.0059 (0.015)

−0.014 (0.012)

Nervous System

−0.059b (0.023)

−0.057b (0.020)

Others

−0.023 (0.022)

−0.014 (0.017)

Observations

311

311

59

59

252

252

252

252

  1. Notes: “ref” indicates the reference group. We report the results from OLS and FGLS estimation of Eq. (2), which we regress the estimated coefficients of being in the high-income group dummy, i.e., having 30% co-payment rate, for each drug from Eq. (1) on price difference between brand-name and generic version of each drug. Columns (1) and (2) report the results from the whole sample which includes 311 drugs. Columns (3) and (4) report the results from the sample which includes 59 acute drugs. Columns (5) and (6) report the results from the sample which includes 252 chronic drugs. Columns (7) and (8) report the results from the sample which includes 252 chronic drugs, including the ATC category dummies as explanatory variables. “Cardiovascular System” category includes 96 drugs, “Alimentary Tract and Metabolism” category includes 56 drugs, and “Nervous System” category includes 43 drugs. The remaining 57 drugs are classified as “Others”. a indicates significance at the 10% level. b indicates significance at the 5% level