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Table 1 Sample characteristics, including comparisons by ethnicity and gender

From: Pathways to, and use of, sexual healthcare among Black Caribbean sexual health clinic attendees in England: evidence from cross-sectional bio-behavioural surveys

 

Women

Men

Comparisons by gender

Black Caribbean %

White British/ Irish %

OR (95% CI): BC attendees compared to WBI (referent)

p

Black Caribbean %

White British/ Irish %

OR (95% CI): BC attendees compared to WBI (referent)

p

Among Black Caribbean attendees

Among White British/Irish attendees

OR (95% CI): BC women as referent

p

OR (95% CI): WBI women as referent

p

Denominator

420

838

  

207

573

      

Age (years)

   

0.864

   

0.048

 

0.040

 

0.004

 15–24

45.2%

46.4%

–

 

35.3%

26.7%

–

 

–

   

 25+

54.8%

53.6%

1.05 (0.59–1.88)

 

64.7%

73.3%

0.67 (0.45–1.00)

 

1.52 (1.02–2.25)

 

2.38 (1.39–4.06)

 

 Median

26

25

  

27

28

      

  (IQR)

(22–31)

(21–30)

  

(22–34)

(24–33)

      

Born outside the UK

23.0%

8.8%

3.08 (1.33–7.11)

0.012

20.6%

9.5%

2.48 (1.27–4.86)

0.012

0.87 (0.47–1.61)

0.629

1.08 (0.69–1.69)

0.725

Education (above GCSEs or equivalent)

77.6%

84.9%

0.62 (0.46–0.83)

0.004

68.8%

83.8%

0.43 (0.26–0.70)

0.003

0.64 (0.46–0.89)

0.012

0.92 (0.75–1.13)

0.410

In any form of employment

70.9%

71.8%

0.96 (0.67–1.37)

0.806

73.9%

83.1%

0.57 (0.38–0.88)

0.014

1.16 (0.78–1.74)

0.435

1.94 (1.28–2.93)

0.004

Sexual orientation

   

0.033

   

0.004

 

0.040

 

< 0.001

 Heterosexual

94.3%

92.4%

–

 

87.7%

75.4%

–

 

–

 

–

 

 Bisexual/homosexual/rather not saya,b

5.7%

7.6%

0.74 (0.56–0.97)

 

12.3%

24.6%

0.43 (0.25–0.73)

 

2.29 (1.04–5.03)

 

3.95 (2.19–7.12)

 

Number of sexual partners, last 12 months

    

0.012

   

0.109

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 1

48.6%

41.1%

–

 

15.7%

22.4%

–

 

–

 

–

 

  > 1

51.4%

58.9%

0.74 (0.59–0.93)

 

84.3%

77.6%

1.55 (0.90–2.69)

 

5.08 (2.88–8.97)

 

2.42 (1.86–3.15)

 
    

< 0.001

   

0.797

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

  < 5

91.5%

82.7%

–

 

61.6%

60.5%

–

 

–

 

–

 

 5 or more

8.5%

17.3%

0.44 (0.31–0.63)

 

38.4%

39.5%

0.95 (0.64–1.42)

 

6.75 (4.08–11.17)

 

3.12 (2.40–4.04)

 

Any new sexual partners, past 12 months

52.9%

68.6%

0.52 (0.40–0.66)

< 0.001

82.6%

82.7%

0.99 (0.64–1.53)

0.963

4.21 (2.37–7.48)

< 0.001

2.19 (1.70–2.84)

< 0.001

Current partnership(s)d

 Steady

62.6%

63.7%

0.95 (0.75–1.20)

0.659

47.3%

48.7%

0.94 (0.67–1.33)

0.719

0.54 (0.34–0.83)

0.010

0.54 (0.41–0.72)

< 0.001

 Uncommitted regular

22.3%

23.3%

0.94 (0.82–1.10)

0.404

35.2%

21.5%

1.98 (1.44–2.72)

< 0.001

1.89 (1.13–3.17)

0.020

0.90 (0.68–1.19)

0.432

 Casual

21.7%

21.4%

1.02 (0.76–1.36)

0.888

37.6%

41.5%

0.85 (0.58–1.25)

0.378

2.17 (1.23–3.82)

0.011

2.61 (2.06–3.30)

< 0.001

 None

15.7%

18.7%

0.81 (0.58–1.13)

0.195

17.1%

17.0%

1.01 (0.69–1.49)

0.962

1.11 (0.76–1.62)

0.563

0.89 (0.61–1.29)

0.501

Condom use at last sex with most recent sexual partnere

31.9%

28.7%

1.16 (0.77–1.74)

0.442

35.1%

34.4%

1.03 (0.72–1.49)

0.850

1.16 (0.70–1.91)

0.538

1.30 (1.01–1.67)

0.040

Self-perceived risk of STIf

   

0.275

   

0.830

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 Considers self at risk of one or more STIs

41.7%

46.1%

–

 

71.0%

72.1%

–

 

–

 

–

 

 ‘I don’t think I am at risk of getting any STI’

58.3%

53.9%

1.20 (0.85–1.68)

 

29.0%

27.9%

1.05 (0.64–1.74)

 

0.29 (0.17–0.50)

 

0.33 (0.22–0.51)

 
  1. Notes: Data in this table were reported by participants during the survey. Additiona file 1 provides detailed data on other ethnic groups
  2. aNumbers answering ‘rather not say’ were small (21 women, 16 men), and were combined with participants identifying as homosexual or bisexual, for increased statistical power
  3. bInstead of completing our survey, 15 BC men who have sex with men (MSM) and 85 WBI MSM completed another survey targeted at MSM and provided linked data for that survey, and so our survey slightly under-sampled MSM. This did not affect women participants
  4. cIncluding opposite- and same-sex partners. Those reporting no sexual partners in the last 12 months were ineligible for the survey, reflecting the STI focus of our research programme
  5. d‘Steady’: married, and/or committed but unmarried. ‘Uncommitted regular’: not in a committed relationship but have sex regularly. ‘Casual’: have sex but not regularly and/or one-off sex partner(s). Participants could select more than one current partnership(s) type
  6. eResponse option ‘we only had oral sex’ (selected by n = 85) was treated as missing, as this (pre-defined) response option was ambiguous, for the purpose of this analysis (i.e. oral sex on a man can be with or without a condom)
  7. fBased on responses to the question: ‘Thinking about your current sexual lifestyle, which of the following STIs do you think you may be at risk of?’ Response options comprised a list of STIs including HIV, and a ‘no risk’ response option, as provided in the table
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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