Factors associated with costs and health outcomes in patients with Back and leg pain in primary care: a prospective cohort analysis

Table 4 Factors associated with costs at 12 months, based on a generalised linear model for the whole group

	Coefficient (SE) n = 608
NHS Cost
Constant	5.95 (0.163) ^**
General Health
SF-1 general health	−0.051 (0.055)
RMDQ	−0.000 (0.009)
Psychological measures and perceptions
HADs depression	−0.016 (0.014)
AIC: 13.39 BIC: − 3303.19
Societal Costs
Constant	8.12 (0.403) ^**
General Health
SF-1 general health	−0.173 (0.099)^*
RMDQ	−0.009 (0.018)
Psychological measures and perceptions
HADs depression	−0.013 (0.026)
Personal characteristics
Age^a	−0.005 (0.006)
Comorbidities^b	−0.050 (0.170)
Care pathways-unadjusted (0–2 physiotherapy sessions)
3 or more physiotherapy sessions	−0.307 (0.160)^*
Referrals to spinal specialist services	−0.174 (0.256)
AIC:16.00 BIC:-2441.59

NHS National Health Service, RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, SE Standard Error, HADs Hospital and Anxiety Depression scale
^**p < 0.05,^*p < 0.1
^aSex is measured as 1 Female 0 Male
^bComorbidities included none, one, 2 or more chest problems, heart problems, raised BP, diabetes, circulation problems in leg(s)

ISSN: 1472-6963