Table 4 Variance parameters for Model 5 for each of the nine procedures
From: Exploring variation in low-value care: a multilevel modelling study
Parameter | Sentinel lymph node biopsy for early melanoma | Carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic high risk patients | EVAR in asymptomatic high risk patients | Knee arthroscopy for osteoarthritis | ERCP without cholangitis or obstruction | Abdominal hysterectomy | Spinal fusion for low back pain | Colonoscopy for constipation in people < 50 | Endoscopy for dyspepsia for people < 55 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital level | |||||||||
Variance | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 1.7 (0.6–4.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
VPC | 24.4 (15.6–32.1) | 20.3 (11.9–28.4) | 7.8 (2.9–15.8) | 36.8 (31.9–39.0) | 8.5 (3.9–14.7) | 13.4 (9.6–17.3) | 28.7 (12.8–47.0) | 21.3 (16.4–25.6) | 20.9 (17.5–23.2) |
MOR | 2.9 (2.1–4.5) | 2.5 (1.9–3.5) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 4.3 (3.3–5.7) | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | 2.0 (1.8–2.3) | 3.5 (2.0–7.3) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 2.6 (2.3–3.0) |
LHD level | |||||||||
Variance | 0.3 (0.0–1.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) | 0.6 (0.1–1.8) | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 0.4 (0.1–1.0) | ||
VPC | 5.0 (0.1–16.1) | 3.1 (0.0–13.4) | 9.5 (1.5–20.8) | 2.3 (0.0–9.9) | 1.9 (0.0–7.0) | 2.6 (0.0–9.2) | 8.4 (1.8–17.5) | ||
MOR | 1.6 (1.0–2.9) | 1.4 (1.0–2.4) | 2.1 (1.3–3.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.6) | ||
MOR (LHD + hospital) | 3.2 (2.1–6.3) | 2.6 (1.9–4.6) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 5.1 (3.4–8.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.8) | 2.1 (1.8–2.7) | 3.5 (2.0–7.3) | 2.7 (2.2–3.7) | 3.1 (2.4–4.3) |
SLA level | |||||||||
Variance | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
VPC | 6.1 (1.6–9.5) | 1.8 (0.1–4.2) | 1.6 (0.0–5.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.4) | 1.4 (0.0–3.8) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 16.4 (12.6–17.5) | 3.6 (2.7–4.3) | 2.2 (1.7–2.5) |
MOR | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 (1.3–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.4 (1.3–1.4) |