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Table 3 Characteristics of interventions (N = 740)

From: Evaluation of the implementation of a clinical pharmacy service on an acute internal medicine ward in Italy

Drug-related problem

Interventions n (%)

Drugs involved

No specific problem*,1

118

(15.9)

antibacterials for systemic use, psycholeptics, drugs used in diabetes, diuretics

Prescription writing error

89

(12.0)

beta blocking agents, anti-parkinson drugs, psycholeptics

Inappropriate follow-up

83

(11.2)

drugs used in diabetes, psychoanaleptics, drugs for acid related disorders, calcium channel blockers

Less costly alternative

74

(10.0)

drugs for acid related disorders, lipid modifying agents, psycholeptics, vitamins

Error in medication history

72

(9.7)

anti-parkinson drugs, analgesics, beta blocking agents, psychoanaleptics

Wrong dose

66

(8.9)

cardiac therapy (digoxin), drugs used in diabetes, vitamins, beta blocking agents

Underuse

54

(7.3)

antianemic preparations, lipid modifying agents

Inappropriate choice of medicine

37

(5.0)

antibacterials for systemic use, antithrombotic agents, psycholeptics

Inappropriate modalities of administration*,2

36

(4.9)

antibacterials for systemic use, analgesics

Drug-drug interaction

20

(2.7)

Analgesics

Adverse drug reaction suspected or confirmed*,3

16

(2.2)

psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics*,4

Duplication

15

(2.0)

drugs for acid related disorders, drugs for obstructive airway diseases

Inappropriate duration of therapy

12

(1.6)

Vitamins

No valid indication

12

(1.6)

Miscellaneous

Modalities of administration not practical for the patient

8

(1.1)

Miscellaneous

Drug-disease interaction (including allergy)

6

(0.8)

Miscellaneous

Other

22

(3.0)

Miscellaneous

  1. *,1No underlying drug-related problem; i.e. the clinical pharmacist is asked a drug-related question by a physician in the absence of a drug-related problem regarding a specific patient
  2. *,2Modalities of administration refer to frequency of administration, time, route and formulation
  3. *,3An adverse drug reaction was defined as a noxious and unintended reaction that occurs at drug doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy, that could not be linked to another drug-related problem
  4. *,4Psychoanaleptics include antidepressants and anti-dementia drugs