Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (n = 76 studies)
n | % | |
|---|---|---|
Study design | ||
Cross-sectional | 66 | 86 |
Non-randomized trial (cluster) | 5 | 7 |
Other | 5 | 7 |
Study location | ||
United States | 48 | 63 |
Canada | 7 | 9 |
Other | 21 | 28 |
Data collection method | ||
Mail survey | 44 | 59 |
Online/email | 7 | 9 |
Interviewer-administered survey | 8 | 10 |
Mixed methods | 8 | 10 |
Other/not specified | 9 | 12 |
Study setting | ||
Health care | 37 | 49 |
Worksite | 17 | 22 |
School | 12 | 16 |
Community/public health/social services | 10 | 13 |
Sample (respondent category) | ||
Employees | 31 | 41 |
Executives | 13 | 17 |
Principal/teachers | 12 | 16 |
Nurses/medical doctors/clinical staff | 14 | 18 |
Other/missing | 6 | 8 |
Primary outcome | ||
Adoption | 26 | 34 |
Implementation | 43 | 57 |
Implementation & adoption | 3 | 4 |
Organizational readiness | 4 | 5 |
Type of innovation | ||
Evidence-based/best practice strategies | 35 | 46 |
Administrative | 13 | 17 |
Technological | 20 | 26 |
Administrative & technological | 5 | 7 |
Combination (< 1 innovation type) | 2 | 3 |
Not specified | 1 | 1 |
Theories of organizational change | ||
Diffusion of Innovations | 26 | 34 |
Other | 8 | 11 |
None cited | 42 | 55 |