Table 1 Selected studies, investigating motives for self-referral to the ED
From: Motives for self-referral to the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature
| Â | Article | Country, year of publication | Method | Number of patients | Inclusion/exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Europe | |||||
1 | Mestitz [28] | UK 1957 | Questions asked by casualty medical officer | 975 (770 SRPs) | Only adults? |
2 | Wilkinson et al. [24] | UK 1977 | Interviews, using questionnaires | 546 (213 SRPs) | All ages Non-urgent |
3 | Myers et al. [26] | UK 1982 | Question asked | 150 | Only adults? |
4 | Singh [21] | UK 1988 | Interviews, using semi-structured questionnaire | 217 | All ages |
5 | O’Halloran et al. [16] | UK 1989 | Postal questionnaires | 145 (124 SRPs) | Age: 18 months to 16 years. Acute asthma |
6 | Stewart et al. [18] | UK 1989 | Questionnaires | 853 (585 SRPs) | Children |
7 | Thomson et al. [19] | UK 1995 | Questionnaires | 245 (147 SRPs) | Only adults? Non-urgent |
8 | Ward et al. [25] | UK 1996 | Question asked by treating physician | 970 (339 patients answered question) | All ages Non-urgent |
9 | Laffoy et al. [15] | Ireland 1997 | Questionnaires, interviewer-administered | 557 (395 SRPs) | All ages |
10 | Shipman et al. [23] | UK 1997 | Telephone interviews, semi-structured | 82 | All ages |
11 | Rieffe et al. [17] | Netherlands 1999 | Questionnaires, Likert scale | 430 | Only adults? Non-urgent |
12 | Jaarsma-van Leeuwen et al. [5] | Netherlands 2000 | Questionnaires | 1068 | All ages Only surgical patients |
13 | Rajpar et al. [22] | UK 2000 | Interviews, using semi-structured questionnaire | 54 | All ages Non-urgent |
14 | Coleman et al. [12] | UK 2001 | Questionnaires | 255 | Adults Non-urgent |
15 | Norredam et al. [27] | Denmark 2007 | Questionnaire | 3426 (2746 SRPs) | Age > 14 years Non-urgent |
16 | Moll van Charante et al. [3] | Netherlands 2008 | Postal questionnaires | 808 (224 SRPs) | All ages |
17 | Mc Guigan et al. [14] | UK 2010 | Interviews by telephone, semi-structured | 196 | Age > 16 years Non-urgent |
18 | van der Linden et al. [20] | Netherlands 2014 | Open question by triage nurse | 3028 (1751 patients answered question) | All ages |
19 | de Valk et al. [13] | Netherlands 2014 | Questionnaires | 436 | Age > 18 years |
North America | |||||
20 | Hunt et al. [33] | USA 1996 | Questionnaires | 1538 | All ages |
21 | Koziol-McLain et al. [34] | USA 2000 | Interviews, qualitative methodology | 30 | Age > 18 years Non-urgent |
22 | Northington et al. [31] | USA 2004 | Questionnaire + brief interview | 279 | Age > 18 years Non-urgent |
23 | Howard et al. [30] | USA 2005 | Interviews, qualitative methodology | 31 | Age 18–50 years Non-urgent |
24 | Ragin et al. [32] | USA 2005 | Interviews + questionnaires with Likert scale | 1536 | Age > 18 years |
25 | Grant et al. [29] | USA 2010 | Interviews, qualitative methodology | 112 | Children Non-urgent |
Asia | |||||
26 | Shah et al. [36] | Kuwait 1996 | Questionnaires, open ended question | 1146 | Only adults? |
27 | Lee et al. [35] | Hong Kong 2000 | Telephone interviews, using questionnaires | 2410 (726 patients answered question) | All ages Non-urgent |
Australia | |||||
28 | Masso et al. [38] | Australia 2007 | Questionnaire, Likert scale | 397 | All ages Non-urgent |
29 | Siminski et al. [37] | Australia 2008 | Questionnaires | 400 | All ages Non-urgent |
Other | |||||
30 | Rassin et al. [39] | Israel 2005 | Questionnaire | 73 | Age > 18 years Non-urgent |