From: Socioeconomic inequalities in dental health services in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2003–2008
Dental health service use in the last 12 months 2003 | Dental health service use in the last 12 months 2008 | Difference in association of socioeconomic factor and dental service use between 2003 and 2008a | Dental health service use difference between 2003 and 2008b | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dental service use % (n) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORc (95% CI) | Dental service use % (n) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORc (95% CI) | Crude Model- p-value | Adjusted Model- p-value | p-value | |
Education | 0.844 | 0.480 | |||||||
0–3 | 23.3 (86) | 1 | 1 | 29.3 (112) | 1 | 1 | 0.005 | ||
4–7 | 35.1 (159) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 1.7 (1.1–2.9) | 38.2 (219) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.002 | ||
8–11 | 48.7 (206) | 3.1 (1.8–5.3) | 2.9 (1.7–5.1) | 58.8 (445) | 3.4 (2.5–4.8) | 3.4 (2.4–4.8) | <0.001 | ||
12+ | 71.0 (155) | 8.1 (4.3–15.0) | 7.6 (3.9–5.1) | 73.2 (224) | 6.6 (4.4–10.0) | 6.6 (4.3–10.1) | 0.009 | ||
Household income | 0.147 | 0.102 | |||||||
≤1 | 32.8 (58) | 1 | 1 | 39.3 (71) | 1 | 1 | 0.004 | ||
>1 to 2.5 | 34.7 (84) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 47.5 (263) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | <0.001 | ||
≥2.5 to 6 | 42.2 (211) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 59.4 (253) | 2.3 (1.3–3.8) | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | <0.001 | ||
≥6 | 58.9 (258) | 2.9 (1.7–5.1) | 2.8 (1.6–4.8) | 69.3 (141) | 3.5 (2.1–5.9) | 3.3 (2.0–5.4) | 0.023 | ||
Housing condition | 0.655 | 0.443 | |||||||
Adequate | 49.9 (544) | 1 | 1 | 57.2 (902) | 1 | 1 | 0.014 | ||
Inadequate | 30.9 (67) | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 41.5 (100) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 | ||
Ethnicity | 0.982 | 0.631 | |||||||
Caucasian | 51.3 (440) | 1 | 1 | 60.6 (683) | 1 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
Non-Caucasian | 37.2 (166) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 46.6 (316) | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 | ||
Private Health Plan | |||||||||
Private health plan-No | 45.4 (445) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Private health plan-Yes | 65.7 (557) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) |