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Table 3 Differences in health worker views on the NHIS in treatment and control facilities

From: Perspectives of frontline health workers on Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme before and after community engagement interventions

  

Baseline (2012)

Follow-up (2014)

Diff-in-Diff

  

Control

Treated

Diff(BL)

Control

Treated

Diff(FU)

 

Factor-analyzed variablesa

bObs

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

Perspectives on NHIS

 Feedback channels and stakeholder engagement

415

1.80 (0.19)

1.77(0.21)

−0.04(0.10)

1.70(0.20)

1.70(0.20)

0.00(0.10)

0.04(0.13)

 Information provision, adequacy, accessibility

75

2.10(0.41)

1.81(0.44)

−0.24(0.18)

1.79(0.460

1.91(0.45)

0.11(0.22)

0.35(0.24)

 Availability and quality of drugs covered by NHIS

429

2.64(0.21)

2.51(0.23)

−0.13(0.10)

2.51(0.20)

2.71(0.20)

0.20(0.09)**

0.33(0.14)**

 Reimbursements and benefits package

200

1.55(0.22)

1.49(0.21)

−0.06(0.07)

1.55(0.22)

1.49(0.21)

−0.06(0.07)

0.00(0.00)

 Trustworthiness and complaint handling

412

2.30(0.19)

2.25(0.22)

−0.05(0.09)

2.31(0.21)

2.40(0.21)

0.09(0.090)

0.14(0.11)

Overall perception score

40

2.37(0.55)

2.30(0.58)

−0.07(0.17)

2.37(0.58)

2.30(0.58)

−0.07(0.17)

0.00(0.00)

NHIS impact on quality care

 Workload and impact on health resources

421

1.82(0.21)

2.01(0.21)

0.19(0.08)**

1.67(0.23)

1.79(0.22)

0.12(0.07)*

−0.07(0.10)

 Client waiting time and queuing system

425

0.95(0.11)

0.97(0.11)

0.02(0.05)

0.91(0.10)

0.97(0.10)

0.06(0.07)

0.05(0.10)

 Quality of time spent per client

419

1.30(0.24)

1.39(0.28)

0.09(0.09)

1.25(0.25)

1.29(0.24)

0.05(0.06)

−0.05(0.12)

Overall perceived impact

419

1.53(0.13)

1.65(0.14)

0.13(0.06)**

1.42(0.13)

1.51(0.13)

0.09(0.05)*

−0.04(0.08)

  1. Source: WOTRO-COHEiSION Ghana Project (2014); Diff.-in-diff estimates*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05. Note: Means and SE are bootstrapped and estimated by linear regression & all mean and SE values rounded up to the nearest decimal
  2. Legend: SE Standard Error, FU Follow-up survey, BL Baseline survey
  3. aMotivation factors have been factor-analyzed
  4. bObservations are the pooled responses of staff at baseline and follow-up