Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents and association with scores on the adapted Family Interview Schedule (FIS) stigma scale

Age (years)

<25

9 (8.8)

14.9

25-34

30 (29.4)

10.5

35-44

41 (40.2)

12.8

≥45

22 (21.6)

12.2

Religion

Orthodox

73 (71.6)

13.9

.21

2.23

.028

Protestant

16 (15.7)

6.6

Muslim

13 (12.7)

9.7

Marital status

Married

70 (68.6)

11.0

Never married

9 (8.8)

11.7

Formerly married

12 (11.8)

18.3

Not applicable

11 (10.8)

13.5

Level of education

No formal education

22 (21.6)

13.8

Completed grade (1-12)

62 (60.8)

11.6

Diploma and above

18 (17.6)

8.4

Occupation

Farmer

11 (10.8)

9.9

Housewife

49 (48.0)

13.2

Employed

34 (33.3)

10.7

Unemployed

8 (7.8)

13.9

Residence

Urban

82 (80.4)

12.4

Rural

20 (19.6)

11.6

Age of child with developmental disorder

1-6 years

32 (31.4)

11.4

7-12 years

61 (59.8)

11.8

13-18 years

9 (8.8)

17.6

Gender

Boy

77 (75.5)

11.5

Girl

25 (24.5)

14.4

Siblings with developmental problems

No

97 (95.1)

12.3

Yes

5 (4.9)

10.8

Type of developmental disorder

Autism spectrum disorder

34 (33.3)

11.9

Intellectual disability

68 (66.7)

12.3

Supernatural causal explanation

No

46 (45.1)

9.2

Yes

56 (54.9)

14.6

.22

2.40

.018

Biomedical causal explanation

No

41 (40.2)

10.2

Yes

61 (59.8)

13.6

First looked for help

Traditional institution

56 (54.9)

10.7

Biomedical institution

46 (45.1)

14.0

Ever sought help from traditional institution

No

34 (33.3)

7.0

Yes

68 (66.7)

14.8

.27

2.95

.004

Traditional treatment tried

No

42 (41.2)

8.8

Yes

60 (58.8)

14.6

Biomedical treatment tried

No

61 (59.8)

12.4

Yes

41 (40.2)

11.9