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Table 6 Meaningful engagement by MSUs

From: Using Participatory Learning & Action research to access and engage with ‘hard to reach’ migrants in primary healthcare research

Research activities by MSUs

Impact/effec on MSUs

MSUs attended and participated in intensive language-concordant, culture-congruent PLA research fieldwork with SUPERs: 1 session, 7 hours face-to-face

• MSUs were empowered as active participants in fieldwork; affirmed as ‘local experts’ whose opinions and experiential knowledge were essential to the study (RS) (QC) (PH) (FDB) (CH)

MSUs engaged in, contributed to, and completed a complex sequence of mixed visual/verbal PLA techniques

• Visual/verbal PLA techniques ameliorated literacy challenges and enhanced inclusion of mixed-literacy-ability migrant groups in research processes; completion of complex charts generated satisfaction among MSU participants (CH) (QC) (FDB) (PH)

MSUs produced a set of ranked communication strategies including ‘ideal scenarios’ for effective cross-cultural communication

• Sharing and enhancing knowledge allowed MSUs’ implicit knowledge to became explicit; ‘ideal scenarios’ included new strategies not currently in use ‘on the ground’; created energy and excitement during fieldwork (RS) (PH) (CH) (FDB)

MSUs actively engaged in on-the-spot co- analysis of results that emerged from their charts and maps

• MSUs’ analytical insights about emerging results affirmed the centrality of their expertise to the broader research endeavour; demonstrated the value and necessity of their continued participation at this stage of the research cycle – they ‘saw’ what others might not; emphasised uniqueness of their perspectives (CH) (FDB)

• On-the-spot co-analysis by MSUs and SUPERs enhanced collegiality (FDB)

MSUs participated in post-research evaluation

• This inclusive collegial process signalled that migrants’ experiences of engaging in the research process were important to the community–university team (PE) (RS) (QC)