| Pre | Post | Improvement, % | P-Value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pain at worst in the last month& | 9.2 | 8.1 | 12 | <0.001 |
Pain at least during the last month | 4.6 | 3.9 | 15 | 0.038 |
Pain on average during the last month | 6.5 | 5.5 | 15 | 0.003 |
Pain right now | 6.8 | 5.8 | 15 | 0.014 |
Pain Disability Index | 47.0 | 39.3 | 16 | <0.001 |
CESD | 24.0 | 18.0 | 25 | <0.001 |
% CESD in depression range: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Conventional cutoffs£ | 79.4 | 54.0 | 32 | 0.003 |
   Chronic pain cuttoffs¶ | 38.1 | 23.8 | 37 | 0.049 |
% Depression medication | 44.4 | 52.4 | 15 | 0.059 |