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Table 3 Service utilization and costs in € (year 2009 values) during 3-month period

From: Health care costs in the elderly in Germany: an analysis applying Andersen’s behavioral model of health care utilization

 

Number (%) of users

Mean costs in € per respondent (SD)

 

Resource

All

Male

Female

All

Male

Female

p-valuea

 

n = 3,124

n = 1,481

n = 1,643

n = 3,124

n = 1,481

n = 1,643

 

Inpatient care

272 (8.7)

129 (8.7)

143 (8.7)

393.3 (1850.3)

379.4 (1773.2)

405.9 (1917.6)

0.69

Outpatient care

       

Outpatient physician services

2,973 (95.2)

1,403 (94.7)

1,570 (95.6)

174.2 (234.7)

169.2 (261.9)

178.7 (207.1)

0.26

Non-physician providers

633 (20.3)

255 (17.2)

378 (23.0)

29.3 (92.6)

24.6 (70.2)

33.5 (108.7)

0.01

Medical supplies and dental prostheses

750 (24.0)

315 (21.3)

435 (26.5)

68.6 (412.7)

65.1 (442.8)

71.7 (383.5)

0.66

Pharmaceuticals

2,688 (85.4)

1,262 (85.2)

1,406 (85.6)

171.1 (290.7)

182.9 (303.2)

160.5 (278.6)

0.03

Nursing care

       

Formal

29 (0.9)

10 (0.7)

19 (1.2)

8.44 (155.7)

6.8 (174.8)

9.9 (136.2)

0.59

Informal

54 (1.7)

23 (1.6)

31 (1.9)

43.5 (547.1)

62.5 (715.6)

26.4 (327.1)

0.07

Any service or good

3,061 (98.0)

1,445 (97.6)

1,616 (98.4)

888.5 (2181.6)

890.5 (2225.0)

886.6 (2142.4)

0.96

  1. aSimple OLS regression with bootstrapped standard errors (4,000 replications).