Factor/items and its Cronbach’s alpha | 11 Factors | Standard path coefficient CFA | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
Factor 1: Teamwork within departments (α = 0.77) | ||||||||||||
A1: People support one another in this unit | 0.81 | 0.73 | ||||||||||
A3: When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 0.77 | 0.77 | ||||||||||
A4: In this unit, people treat each other with respect | 0.76 | 0.71 | ||||||||||
A11: When one area in this unit gets really busy, others help out | 0.60 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
Factor 2: Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety (α = 0.75) | ||||||||||||
B1: My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures | 0.53 | 0.74 | ||||||||||
B2: My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety | 0.60 | 0.81 | ||||||||||
B3: Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts | 0.79 | 0.50 | ||||||||||
B4: My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over | 0.83 | 0.68 | ||||||||||
Factor 3: Hospital hand-offs and transitions (α = 0.73) | ||||||||||||
F3: Things “fall between the cracks” when transferring patients from one unit to another | 0.63 | 0.58 | ||||||||||
F5: Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes | 0.77 | 0.71 | ||||||||||
F7: Problems often occur in the exchange of information across hospital units | 0.76 | 0.63 | ||||||||||
F11: Shift changes are problematic for patients in this hospital | 0.65 | 0.61 | ||||||||||
Factor 4: Frequency of event reporting (α = 0.87) | ||||||||||||
D1: When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected before affecting the patient, how often is this reported? | 0.82 | 0.81 | ||||||||||
D2: When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported? | 0.86 | 0.87 | ||||||||||
D3: When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported? | 0.82 | 0.80 | ||||||||||
Factor 5: Feedback and communication openness about error (α = 0.73) | ||||||||||||
C2: Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care | 0.74 | 0.66 | ||||||||||
C4: Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority | 0.71 | 0.49 | ||||||||||
C3: We are informed about errors that happen in this unit | 0.62 | 0.72 | ||||||||||
C5: In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again | 0.50 | 0.69 | ||||||||||
Factor 6: Staffing (α = 0.75) | ||||||||||||
A2: We have enough staff to handle the workload | 0.78 | 0.80 | ||||||||||
A5: Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care | 0.77 | 0.73 | ||||||||||
A14: We work in "crisis mode" trying to do too much, too quickly | 0.79 | 0.65 | ||||||||||
Factor 7: Organizational learning – continuous improvement (α = 0.80) | ||||||||||||
A6: We are actively doing things to improve patient safety | 0.86 | 0.88 | ||||||||||
A9: Mistakes have led to positive changes here | 0.87 | 0.87 | ||||||||||
A13: After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness | 0.63 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
Factor 8: Overall perceptions of safety (α = 0.75) | ||||||||||||
A15: Patient safety is never sacrificed to get more work done | 0.87 | 0.88 | ||||||||||
A18: Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening | 0.88 | 0.86 | ||||||||||
A17: We have patient safety problems in this unit | 0.56 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
Factor 9: Hospital management support for patient safety (α = 0.66) | ||||||||||||
F8: The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority | 0.65 | 0.70 | ||||||||||
F9: Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens | 0.57 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
F1: Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety | 0.69 | 0.76 | ||||||||||
Factor 10: Teamwork across hospital departments (α = 0.61) | ||||||||||||
F4: There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together | 0.76 | 0.61 | ||||||||||
F10: Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients | 0.77 | 0.62 | ||||||||||
F2: Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other | 0.43 | 0.45 | ||||||||||
F6: It is often unpleasant to work with staff from other hospital units | 0.61 | 0.47 | ||||||||||
Factor 11: No punitive response to error (α = 0.60) | ||||||||||||
A16: Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file | 0.67 | 0.60 | ||||||||||
A8: Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them | 0.69 | 0.60 | ||||||||||
A12: When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem | 0.75 | 0.50 |