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Table 6 Concentration index for coverage of MNCH interventions in Vietnam, 1997–2006

From: Inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in Vietnam: a retrospective study of survey data for 1997–2006

Intervention

Wealth score

   

Maternal education

   
 

1997

2000

2002

2006

1997

2000

2002

2006

1. Family planning

        

% of women using any type of family planning method

0.0384

0.0432

0.0249

−0.0054

0.0335

0.0487

0.0315

0.0123

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

% of women using modern type of family planning method

0.022

0.0074

−0.0066

−0.0348

0.0209

0.0437

0.0075

−0.0004

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

2. Maternal and newborn health

        

% of pregnant women attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel

0.2833

0.1652

0.0776

0.0587

0.0765

0.1428

0.0523

0.0463

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

% of pregnant women attended at least 4 times during pregnancy by skilled health personnel

0.4296

N/a

0.3170

N/a

0.2101

N/a

0.1741

N/a

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

% of women who received at least two tetanus toxoid doses during last pregnancy

0.1373

0.1119

0.0952

0.0745

0.0690

0.1238

0.0536

0.0487

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

% of births delivered in health facilities

0.1964

N/a

0.1324

0.1182

0.0561

N/a

0.0721

0.0669

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel

0.1407

0.1760

0.1247

0.1025

0.0570

0.1490

0.0771

0.0612

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children born in the last 12 months who were breastfed within one hour of birth

0.0218

N/a

−0.0075

−0.0244

0.0383

N/a

0.0286

0.0227

p (CI = 0)

p > 0.05

N/a

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed

−0.0599

N/a

−0.1062

−0.1472

0.0345

N/a

0.0460

−0.1151

p (CI = 0)

p > 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

N/a

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of infants aged 6–9 months who are breastfed and receive complementary food

−0.0160

−0.0352

−0.0377

−0.0063

0.0194

−0.0271

−0.0663

−0.0503

p (CI = 0)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

3. Child health

        

% of children aged 0–59 months who are immunized against measles

0.0698

0.0775

0.0718

0.0341

0.0575

0.0778

0.0394

0.0211

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months who received BCG vaccine

0.0513

0.0685

0.0432

0.0164

0.0184

0.0580

0.0244

0.0121

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months who received 3 doses of DPT vaccine

0.0844

0.1334

0.1051

0.0641

0.0587

0.1164

0.0602

0.0539

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months receiving one dose of Vitamin A in the past 6 months

N/a

0.0765

N/a

0.0436

N/a

0.0559

N/a

0.0393

p (CI = 0)

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

N/a

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

% of children aged 0–59 months with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks who were brought to an appropriate health provider

0.0119

0.0796

0.0884

0.0101

−0.0612

0.0749

0.0736

0.0685

p (CI = 0)

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks who received ORT and continued feeding

0.1887

0.0059

0.1088

−0.0526

−0.0042

0.0425

−0.0215

−0.0193

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months with suspected ARI in the last 2 weeks who were brought to an appropriate health provider

0.0619

0.0755

0.0161

0.0579

0.0393

0.0931

0.0532

0.0780

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

% of children aged 0–59 months with suspected ARI receiving antibiotics

N/a

N/a

N/a

0.0135

N/a

N/a

N/a

0.0088

p (CI = 0)

N/a

N/a

N/a

p > 0.05

N/a

N/a

N/a

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

  1. Notes:
  2. 1. N/a = not applicable or data not available.
  3. 2. p (CI = 0) = probability of concentration index being equal to zero (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between a concentration index of zero, indicating perfect equality, and the obtained concentration index; such a result indicates inequality).
  4. 3. p (CI1997 = CI2006) = probability of concentration index for 1997 being equal to concentration index for 2006 (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between the concentration index in 1997 and the concentration index in 2006; such a result indicates a change in inequality over time).
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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