Table 1 Some examples of validated questionnaires capturing (aspects of) patient empowerment
Measure | Conditions-specific or generic? | Construct operationalised | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient Enablement Instrument | Generic | Aspects of perceived control over illness | Howie et al. 1998 [19] |
Patient Activation Measure | Generic | Activation levels (skills, knowledge, and beliefs needed by patients to self-manage, collaborate with healthcare providers and maintain their health) | Hibbard et al. 2005 [20] |
The Empowerment Scale | Conditions-specific: Mental healthcare | Self-efficacy, power-powerlessness, community activism, righteous anger, and optimism-control over the future | Rogers et al. 1997 [21], |
Diabetes Empowerment Scale | Conditions-specific: Diabetes | Self-efficacy | Anderson et al. 2000 [22] |
Patient Empowerment Scale | Conditions-specific: Cancer | Use of coping resources, an aspect of personal control | Bulsara et al. 2006 [23] |
Genetic Counselling Outcome Scale | Conditions-specific: Genetic conditions | Perceived personal control (cognitive, decisional and behavioural control), hope and emotional regulation | McAllister et al. 2011 [24] |