Surgical Cohort | GEE | OLS |
---|
 | Model Estimate (CI)* |
P-value | Model Estimate (CI)* |
P-value |
---|
Cardiac | 1.31 (1.30, 1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (1.35, 1.36) | < 0.001 |
Vascular | 1.93 (1.93, 1.95) | < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.92, 1.95) | < 0.001 |
Non-cardiac thoracic | 1.60 (1.58, 1.60) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.55, 1.58) | < 0.001 |
Solid organ | 1.72 (1.68, 1.73) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.68, 1.72) | < 0.001 |
General | 1.46 (1.46, 1.48) | < 0.001 | 1.34 (1.34, 1.35) | < 0.001 |
Knee/hip | 1.22 (1.21, 1.22) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.20, 1.21) | < 0.001 |
Reproductive organ | 1.49 (1.48, 1.51) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.42, 1.43) | < 0.001 |
Spinal | 1.79 (1.77, 1.80) | < 0.001 | 1.82 (1.80, 1.84) | < 0.001 |
- CI = confidence interval, GEE = generalized estimating equations, OLS = ordinary least squares
- *Ratio of average total costs for patients with bleeding-related complications versus those without complications
- Note: 15 patients were excluded from the economic analysis because their hospital costs exceeded $1,000,000.
- GEE model estimated by gamma log link function with total costs as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline clinical, demographic, hospital characteristics and clustering on hospital.
- OLS model with log total costs as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline clinical, demographic, and hospital characteristics.