United States [2] | Netherlandsa | Norway [8] | Norway | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient safety climate factors of the HSOPSb | Hospital environment n= 338,607 | Hospital environment n= 3,779 | Hospital environment n= 1,919 | Operating environment n= 358 | |
% | % | % | % | ||
Outcome variables | |||||
1. | Overall safety | 65 | 52 | - | 57 |
2. | Frequency of events | 62 | 38 | 28 | 31 |
Unit-level factors | |||||
3. | Leaders' expectations | 75 | 62 | 72 | 65 |
4. | Continuous improvement | 72 | 47 | 50 | 46 |
5. | Teamwork within units | 80 | 84 | 68 | 57 |
6. | Open communication | 62 | 69 | 64 | 58 |
7. | Error feedback | 63 | 49 | 40 | 37 |
8. | Non-punitive | 44 | 67 | 72 | 72 |
9. | Adequate staffing | 56 | 62 | 49 | 52 |
Hospital-level factors | |||||
10. | Management support | 72 | 32 | 25 | 22 |
11. | Teamwork across units | 58 | 28 | 31 | 32 |
12 | Handoffs and transitions | 44 | 40 | 39 | 31 |
Total average sum score | 63 | 53 | 49 | 47 |