Table 3 Univariate differences in mean values between inpatient and community staff. Number of items in parenthesis. Mann-Whitney

Emotional exhaustion

Feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted

15.6 (8.9)

15.7 (10.1)

- .078; p = .94

Depersonalization

Unfeeling and impersonal responses towards recipients of services

3.6 (4.7)

5.5 (5.7)

- 1.63; p = .10

Personal accomplishment

Feelings of competence and achievement in one's work

36.3 (7.4)

37.3 (7.8)

- 1.11; p = .27

Workload

Too much work work, different tasks, lack of time, too long hours (6)

1.05 (.70)

.94 (.61)

- .848; p = .40

Client related difficulties

Dealing with suffering, small improvement, demanding clients, threats (6)

1.01 (.56)

.89 (.59)

- 1.52; p = .13

Organizational structure and processes

Lack of support from managers, poor management, organizational problems, structure and policies (6)

1.02 (.78)

1.01 (.79)

- .124; p = .90

Relationships and conflicts with other professionals

Conflicts with other professions, conflicting roles, criticism, multidisciplinary teams, difficult colleagues (6)

.62 (.55)

.75 (.64)

- 1.14; p = .25

Lack of resources

Inadequate staffing, physical environment, training opportunities (6)

1.12 (.62)

1.02 (.73)

- 1.53; p = .18

Professional self doubt

Inadequately skilled, own capabilities, doubt about therapeutic effectiveness, keeping up to date, fear of making mistakes (6)

.96 (.59)

.98 (.70)

- .164; p = .87

Home-work conflict

Not enough time with family, personal vs professional role (6)

.62 (.58)

.61 (.51)

- .232; p = .88

MHPSS total

Overall stress scores based on above factors (6)

.91 (.46)

.88 (.52)

- .335; p = .74

Physical environment

Noise, temperature, air, general quality (5)

1.70 (1.50)

1.54 (1.29)

- .455; p = .65

Social relations¹⁾

Cliques, conflict, quarrelling, lack of agreement (5)

.87 (.9)

1.21 (1.4)

- 1.91; p = .05

Work pressure

Being busy, breaks, fulfil tasks, has to take work home (4)

1.88 (1.04)

1.80 (1.04)

- .537; p = .59

Work demands ²⁾

Concentration, recalls, task difficulty, accessible solutions,

3.39 (.90)

2.88 (1.17)

- 3.25; p = .001

Control of your work

Influence of own work, pace, autonomy, planning (4)

1.01 (1.29)

1.24 (1.25)

- 1.59; p = .10

Influence and co-determination³⁾

Influence with regard to changes, organisation of the work, economy, strategies, allocation of resources (5)

2.04 (1.51)

2.46 (1.52)

- 1.76; p = .08

Management style

Favouritism, criticism, inaccessible management, access to leaders (5)

1.24 (1.55)

1.25 (1.49)

- .210; p = .83

Work role

Quality of rules, clear/unclear instructions, information, (5)

1.47 (1.38)

1.33 (1.37)

- .760; p = .45

Personal development at work

Developing own capabilities, personal development, learning (5)

.35 (.82)

.74 (1.34)

- 1.63; p = .10

Contact

Contact with colleagues during work, cooperation, social relations (5)

.86 (1.21)

.86 (1.05)

-. 633; p = .86

Work orientation and motivation

Stimulating work, importance of salary, proud of the work (5)

.91 (1.00)

.99 (1.25)

- .180; p = .86

Acting possibilities ^b)

Change bad working conditions, help and support from the management and from colleagues (3)

3.30 (1.55)

3.15 (1.72)

- .556; p = .58

Health and well-being Work) ^c)

Need to relax, concerns, problems due to incompetence, motivation (5)

2.43 (1.11)

2.37 (1.08)

- .233; p = .82

Health and well-being General ^d)

(Restlessness, irritation, depressiveness, vertigo, heart beat, pains; seldom to almost daily (10)

4.32 (3.72)

4.08 (3.15)

- .157; p = .88

Bullying

Criticism, ridiculing, being excluded, rumours (12)

.83 (1.60)

1.28 (2.33)

- 1.01; p = .31