Characteristics | Cohort with a mental illness | General homeless cohort | Missing data | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Sample (n = 525) | Top 5% (n = 160) | p-value b | Total Sample (n = 655) | Top 5% (n = 108) | p-value b | % | |
Predisposing Factors | |||||||
Age | – | ||||||
Mean ± SE | 39.9 ± 11.8 | 40.0 ± 12.4 | 0.939 | 42.9 ± 10.5 | 44.1 ± 9.7 | 0.220 | |
Median (IQR) | 41 (30–48) | 41 (30–48) | 0.871 | 44 (36–50) | 45 (38–50) | 0.171 | |
Age Group | – | ||||||
18–34 | 34.9% | 34.4% | 0.815 | 21.8% | 16.7% | 0.351 | |
35–49 | 44.4% | 46.3% | 51.3% | 53.7% | |||
50+ | 20.8% | 19.4% | 26.9% | 29.6% | |||
Gender | – | ||||||
Female | 30.1% | 32.5% | 0.426 | 30.7% | 38.9% | 0.043 | |
Male | 69.9% | 67.5% | 69.3% | 61.1% | |||
Marital status | 2–3% | ||||||
Single, never married | 69.5% | 73.5% | 0.20 | 60.6% | 58.3% | 0.474 | |
Widowed, separated, divorced | 27.5% | 22.4% | 28.0% | 32.4% | |||
Partnered, married | 3.0% | 4.1% | 11.3% | 9.3% | |||
Race | 1–2% | ||||||
Black | 32.4% | 28.8% | 0.133 | 12.0% | 4.7% | < 0.001 | |
Other racialized groups | 30.9% | 28.1% | 23.2% | 14.4% | |||
White | 36.7% | 43.1% | 64.8% | 80.9% | |||
Place of birth | 1–2% | ||||||
Canada | 55.0% | 58.7% | 0.288 | 81.8% | 89.8% | 0.018 | |
Education | 2–3% | ||||||
Graduated high school | 51.3% | 56.4% | 0.139 | 56.9% | 50.9% | 0.17 | |
Employment Status | 2–3% | ||||||
Currently employed | 4.2% | < 3.8% | 0.555 | 10.4% | < 5.6% | 0.032 | |
Housing status c | – | ||||||
Precariously or vulnerably housed | 7.4% | 4.4% | 0.08 | 50.1% | 51.9% | 0.686 | |
Homeless | 92.6% | 95.6% | 49.9% | 48.1% | |||
Years spent homeless | 4–5% | ||||||
Mean ± SE | 5.21 ± 6.10 | 4.9 ± 6.0 | 0.509 | 5.32 ± 6.22 | 6.4 ± 6.9 | 0.049 | |
Median (IQR) | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) | 0.329 | 3 (1–7) | 4 (1–10) | 0.097 | |
≥ 2 years spent homeless | 61.7% | 60.6% | 0.734 | 58.6% | 61.1% | 0.566 | |
Criminal behaviour (Past 6 to 12 months) | 39.2% | 40.7% | 0.663 | 37.1% | 42.1% | 0.242 | 1–2% |
Victimization (Past 6 to 12 months) | 35.1% | 39.2% | 0.21 | 37.2% | 43.9% | 0.116 | 2–3% |
Diagnosed mental illness | – | ||||||
Psychotic disorder | 43.0% | 47.5% | 0.173 | 13.3% | 29.6% | < 0.001 | |
Other disorder | 57.0% | 52.5% | 25.6% | 31.5% | |||
No disorder | – | – | 61.1% | 38.9% | |||
Problematic alcohol use (Past 12 months) | 45.1% | 41.3% | 0.235 | 20.2% | 27.8% | 0.031 | – |
Problematic drug use (Past 12 months) | 50.7% | 43.1% | 0.022 | 35.9% | 52.8% | < 0.001 | – |
Smoking status | 2–3% | ||||||
Current, daily smoker | 65.1% | 59.1% | 0.066 | 75.5% | 76.6% | 0.757 | |
Enabling Factors | |||||||
Regular source of care | |||||||
Yes | 66.7% | 65.3% | 0.664 | 59.2% | 76.9% | < 0.001 | 1–2% |
Perceived barrier to care (Past 6 to 12 months) | 40.2% | 36.0% | 0.211 | 35.2% | 36.8% | 0.703 | 2–3% |
Food insecurity (not enough food) | 51.8% | 49.0% | 0.416 | 32.2% | 34.3% | 0.609 | 1–2% |
Acute mental health care (past 12 months) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – | ||||
Hospital admission or emergency department visit | 52.8% | 77.5% | 20.2% | 50.0% | |||
Acute non-mental health care (past 12 months) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – | ||||
Hospital admission or emergency department visit | 62.1% | 77.5% | 47.0% | 63.9% | |||
Need Factors | |||||||
Perceived general health | 1–2% | ||||||
Poor | 19.2% | 22.7% | 0.209 | 13.1% | 25.0% | < 0.001 | |
Fair | 31.7% | 26.7% | 28.9% | 30.6% | |||
Good, very good, excellent | 49.1% | 50.7% | 58.0% | 44.4% | |||
Chronic conditions (administrative data) | – | ||||||
Mean ± SE | 0.59 ± 0.84 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.005 | 0.57 ± 0.85 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | |
Median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.008 | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | < 0.001 | |
Chronic conditions (survey data) | 1–2% | ||||||
Mean ± SE | 1.01 ± 1.28 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 0.191 | 1.06 ± 1.25 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 | |
Median (IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.781 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | < 0.001 | |
Any Missing Data d | 15.4% | 21.9% | 0.004 | 7.9% | 6.5% | 0.54 |