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Table 2 Results of multivariable log-linear models of total hospital charge for prostatectomy and appendectomy patients

From: Hospital competition and the expenses for treatments of acute and non-acute common diseases: evidence from China

 

Surgical Group

Prostatectomy

Appendectomy

Factor

Proportional Change (95% CI)

P Value

Proportional Change (95% CI)

P Value

HHI

0.210

0.006

−0.127

<  0.001

 

(0.059, 0.361)

 

(− 0.196, − 0.058)

 

Gender

 Male

NA

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Female

NA

NA

−0.005

0.36

  

(−0.014, 0.005)

 

Age

0.003

<  0.001

0.003

<  0.001

(0.002, 0.003)

 

(0.002, 0.003)

 

Occupation

 Unemployed

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Civil servant

−0.083

0.11

0.029

0.42

(−0.184, 0.018)

 

(−0.041, 0.098)

 

 Office worker

0.060

0.21

−0.008

0.72

(−0.034, 0.154)

 

(−0.054, 0.037)

 

 Worker

0.035

0.46

−0.014

0.55

(−0.058, 0.127)

 

(−0.061, 0.032)

 

 Farmer

−0.013

0.65

−0.019

0.34

(−0.071, 0.044)

 

(−0.059, 0.020)

 

 Retired

0.001

0.97

0.019

0.49

(−0.058, 0.061)

 

(−0.035, 0.073)

 

 Unknown

−0.022

0.44

0.006

0.76

(−0.079, 0.034)

 

(−0.032, 0.044)

 

Insurance program

 Not insured

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Urban residents’ basic medical insurance

−0.002

0.92

−0.023

0.02

(−0.034, 0.031)

 

(−0.043, − 0.003)

 

 Urban employee basic medical insurance

0.002

0.91

−0.034

<.001

(−0.029, 0.033)

 

(−0.053, − 0.015)

 

 Full public expense

−0.086

0.03

−0.027

0.22

(−0.165, 0.008)

 

(−0.070, 0.016)

 

 New rural co-operative medical insurance

−0.015

0.33

−0.017

0.08

(−0.047, 0.016)

 

(−0.036, 0.002)

 

 Others

−0.018

0.33

−0.020

0.07

(−0.057, 0.019)

 

(−0.042, 0.002)

 

Admission severity

 Emergency

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Critical

−0.009

0.86

−0.129

<  0.001

(−0.112, 0.094)

 

(−0.174, − 0.085)

 

 General

0.006

0.90

−0.163***

<  0.001

(−0.095, 0.108)

 

(−0.208, − 0.118)

 

Critical condition

 No

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Yes

0.087

<  0.001

0.101

<  0.001

(0.054, 0.120)

 

(0.079, 0.123)

 

Admission approach

 Emergency service

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Outpatient service

−0.011

0.39

−0.013

0.04

(− 0.036, 0.014)

 

(− 0.025, − 0.001)

 

 Referral arrangement

0.177

0.001

0.065

0.35

(0.068, 0.286)

 

(−0.072, 0.202)

 

 Other

−0.010

0.62

0.011

0.39

(−0.050, 0.030)

 

(−0.014, 0.036)

 

Length of stay

0.029

<  0.001

0.055

<  0.001

(0.028, 0.030)

 

(0.053, 0.056)

 

Hospital classification

 Special hospitals

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 General hospitals

0.045

0.19

0.063

0.03

(−0.022, 0.112)

 

(0.006, 0.121)

 

 Minority hospital

0.118

0.39

0.121

0.34

(−0.152, 0.388)

 

(−0.127, 0.368)

 

Hospital level

 Primary

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Secondary

0.074

0.32

0.290

<  0.001

(−0.072, 0.221)

 

(0.225, 0.356)

 

 Tertiary

0.207

0.008

0.559

<  0.001

(0.054, 0.360)

 

(0.491, 0.627)

 

 Ungraded

−0.065

0.39

0.125

<  0.001

(−0.214, 0.084)

 

(0.052, 0.197)

 

Profit and ownership classification

 Public (all non-profit)

1[Reference]

NA

1[Reference]

NA

 Non-profit private hospital

−0.230

<  0.001

0.189

<  0.001

(−0.299, − 0.161)

 

(− 0.220, − 0.157)

 

 For-profit private hospital

− 0.237

<  0.001

0.182

<  0.001

(−0.308, − 0.166)

 

(− 0.217, − 0.147)

 

Urbanization rate

− 0.876

<  0.001

− 0.051

<  0.001

(− 1.202, − 0.559)

 

(− 0.077, − 0.024)

 

GDP per capita

0.001

<  0.001

0.00006

<  0.001

(0.0007, 0.0013)

 

(0.00003, 0.00009)

 

County dummies

Yes

 

Yes

 
  1. Abbreviations: NA not applicable; HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; CI confidence interval