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Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of inpatients and hospitalsa

From: Hospital competition and the expenses for treatments of acute and non-acute common diseases: evidence from China

 

Surgical Group

Characteristics

Prostatectomy

(n = 3578)

Appendectomy

(n = 10,380)

Total hospital charges median (IQR),Â¥

13,775 (11118–17,299)

7469 (5733–10,076)

 Mean ± standard deviation,¥

14,891 ± 6178

8389 ± 4228

Out-of-pocket expense median (IQR),Â¥

2253 (0–1793)

1949 (0–3290)

 Mean ± standard deviation,¥

2253 ± 5044

1949 ± 3380

Reimbursement median (IQR),Â¥

12,691 (8809–16,469)

6217 (2971–9263)

 Mean ± standard deviation,¥

12,639 ± 7741

6440 ± 5304

HHI median (IQR)

0.38 (0.22–0.65)

0.18 (0.07–0.37)

 Mean ± standard deviation

0.43 ± 0.28

0.27 ± 0.28

Gender

 Male

3578 (100%)

5395 (51.97%)

 Female

0 (0%)

4984 (48.02%)

 Unknown

0 (0%)

1 (0.01%)

Age median (IQR), years

71 (65–76)

45 (31–59)

mean ± standard deviation, years

71 ± 9

45 ± 17

Occupation

 Civil servant

23 (0.64%)

73 (0.70%)

 Office worker

38 (1.06%)

484 (4.66%)

 Worker

33 (0.92%)

371 (3.57%)

 Farmer

1124 (31.42%)

3080 (29.67%)

 Unemployed

98 (2.74%)

219 (2.12%)

 Retired

437 (12.21%)

172 (1.66%)

 Unknown

1825 (51.01%)

5981 (57.62%)

Insurance program

 Urban employees’ basic medical insurance

948 (26.50%)

2072 (19.96%)

 Urban residents’ basic medical insurance

682 (19.06%)

1845 (17.77%)

 New rural co-operative medical insurance

1342 (37.51%)

3897 (37.54%)

 Full public expense

34 (0.95%)

164 (1.58%)

 Not insured

240 (6.71%)

1229 (11.84%)

 Other insurance

332 (9.27%)

1173 (11.31%)

Admission severity

 Emergency

26 (0.72%)

140 (1.35%)

 Critical

343 (9.59%)

4498 (43.33%)

 General

3209 (89.69%)

5742 (55.32%)

Whether in critical condition

 Yes

260 (7.27%)

70 (0.68%)

 No

3308 (92.45%)

9606 (92.54%)

 Unknown

10 (0.28%)

704 (6.78%)

Admission approach

 Emergency service

492 (13.75%)

4257 (41.01%)

 Outpatient service

2812 (78.59%)

5064 (48.79%)

 Referral arrangement

15 (0.42%)

13 (0.12%)

 Other

259 (7.24%)

1046 (10.08%)

Length of stay median (IQR), days

13 (11–17)

7 (5–8)

mean ± standard deviation, days

15 ± 6

7 ± 3

Hospital classification

 Special hospitals

117 (3.27%)

157 (1.51%)

 General hospitals

3458 (96.65%)

10,217 (98.43%)

 Minority hospitals

3 (0.08%)

6 (0.06%)

Hospital level

 Primary

16 (0.45%)

79 (0.76%)

 Secondary

857 (23.95%)

4529 (43.63%)

 Tertiary

2634 (73.62%)

5566 (53.62%)

 Ungraded

71 (1.98%)

206 (1.98)

Profit and ownership classification

 Public (all non-profit)

3407 (95.22%)

9602 (92.51%)

 Non-profit private hospital

66 (1.84%)

376 (3.62%)

 For-profit private hospital

105 (2.94%)

402 (3.87%)

Urbanization rate median (IQR), %

51.42 (37.17–73.42)

48.97 (37.20–67.63)

mean ± standard deviation, %

57.55 ± 21.92

55.35 ± 22.13

GDP per capita median (IQR),Â¥

40,609 (28561–61,177)

40,609 (28698–66,235)

mean ± standard deviation,¥

46,349 ± 23,701

47,248 ± 24,343

  1. Abbreviations: HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; IQR interquartile range
  2. aUnless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as weighted numbers (percentages) of row totals of each surgical group. Estimated counts were rounded to the nearest unit