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Table 2 Results from the Finite Mixture Model of Anti-diabetic Drug Spending in the Medicare Study Sample (2011)

From: Association between physician adoption of a new oral anti-diabetic medication and Medicare and Medicaid drug spending

Medicare Characteristic

Spending Component

Low

High

Average Beta Coefficient

Average Standard Error

95% CI Standard Error

Average Beta Coefficient

Average Standard Error

95% CI Standard Error

Intercept

7.480

0.069

[7.345, 7.615]

7.396

0.310

[6.789, 8.004]

Time to Sitagliptin Adoptiona

0.001

0.003

[− 0.005, 0.006]

− 0.003

0.006

[− 0.016, 0.010]

% Adopting Sitagliptina

0.345

0.072

[0.203, 0.487]

0.148

0.258

[−0.359, 0.654]

Age

− 0.002

0.000

[− 0.003, − 0.001]

0.001

0.001

[− 0.001, 0.003]

Female

− 0.033

0.011

[− 0.054, − 0.012]

−0.015

0.015

[−0.044, 0.013]

Race (Ref = White)

 Black

−0.272

0.027

[−0.325, − 0.218]

−0.443

0.017

[−0.475, − 0.410]

 Hispanic

−0.218

0.030

[−0.277, − 0.160]

−0.257

0.033

[−0.321, − 0.192]

 Race other

−0.072

0.039

[−0.149, 0.004]

0.018

0.036

[−0.052, 0.088]

Eligibility

 Dual Eligible

−0.006

0.022

[−0.048, 0.037]

− 0.029

0.028

[− 0.084, 0.027]

 Low Income Subsidy

0.202

0.021

[0.161, 0.243]

0.305

0.025

[0.255, 0.354]

 Disabled

−0.146

0.018

[−0.182, − 0.110]

−0.113

0.018

[−0.148, − 0.077]

Drug Type (Ref = Combo)

 Oral only

−2.252

0.013

[−2.278, −2.226]

−2.108

0.017

[−2.142, − 2.074]

 Injection only

− 0.178

0.017

[− 0.211, − 0.145]

−0.260

0.023

[−0.305, − 0.216]

 Elixhauser

−0.012

0.002

[−0.016, − 0.008]

−0.007

0.003

[−0.012, − 0.002]

  1. Data sources: Medicare data from CMS, Medicaid data from PADHS, XPonentâ„¢ from QuintilesIMS
  2. aAdoption variables measured in XPonentâ„¢ from QuintilesIMS