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Table 5 Medication classes involved in occurrence of incidents

From: A cross-sectional study: medication safety among cancer in-patients in tertiary care hospitals in KPK, Pakistan

Medication classes

Site 1 (CPOE)

Site 2 (HWP)

Total

N

%

N

%

N

%

Analgesics and antipyretics (NSAIDs*a + Opiates)

67

11.4

55

9.1

122

20.5

Antacids

31

5.3

42

6.9

73

12.2

Antibiotics or antibacterial agents

259

44

77

12.7

336

56.7

Anticonvulsants

1

0.2

1

0.2

2

0.4

Antidepressants + Tranquilizers

4

0.7

1

0.2

5

0.9

Anti-diabetic agents (Insulin and sulfonylureas)

10

1.7

4

0.7

14

2.4

Anti-diarrheal agents

–

–

2

0.3

2

0.3

Antiemetic

44

7.5

96

15.8

140

23.3

Anti-flatulent

–

–

2

0.3

2

0.3

Antihistamines

23

3.9

13

2.1

36

6

Antineoplastic agents

17

2.9

57

9.4

74

12.3

Antiprotozoal + Anti-leprosy agents

14

2.4

4

0.7

18

3.1

Antiviral

–

–

3

0.5

3

0.5

Appetite stimulants

–

–

5

0.8

5

0.8

Benzodiazepine antagonists

4

0.7

–

–

4

0.7

Bisphosphonates

–

–

8

1.3

8

1.3

Blood derivatives

–

–

2

0.3

2

0.3

Bronchodilators + Immunosuppressive agents + Mast cell stabilizers + Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

1

0.2

–

–

1

0.2

Cardiac drug + ACEIs*b + Calcium antagonists + Cardiac glycosides

–

–

4

0.7

4

0.7

Cathartics/Laxatives

13

2.2

13

2.1

26

4.3

CNS depressants + Sedatives, hypnotics and Anxiolytics (Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines)

10

1.7

24

4

34

5.7

Coagulants and Anticoagulants

19

3.2

8

1.3

27

4.5

Colony stimulating factor (CSF)

9

1.5

5

0.8

14

2.3

Cyto-protectants (Mesna)

–

–

6

1

6

1

Devices

–

–

2

0.3

2

0.3

Dietary supplements and Vitamins

7

1.2

72

11.9

79

13.1

Diuretics

–

–

11

1.8

11

1.8

Enzymes

–

–

1

0.2

1

0.2

Expectorants

–

–

5

0.8

5

0.8

Human albumin

–

–

7

1.2

7

1.2

Immunomodulatory agents

–

–

3

0.5

3

0.5

Monoclonal antibodies

–

–

5

0.9

5

0.9

Mouth washes and gargles

12

2

–

–

12

2

Ointments/Solutions/Suspensions ophthalmic + Otic/Ophthalmic/Nasal preparations

7

1.2

4

0.7

11

1.9

Opiates

–

–

1

0.2

1

0.2

Para-sympatholytic agents

4

0.7

–

–

4

0.7

Quinolones

–

–

3

0.5

3

0.5

Replacement solutions/ORS*c/Minerals/Elements/Electrolytes

16

2.7

24

4

40

6.7

Skeletal muscle relaxants

4

0.7

–

–

4

0.7

Steroids

4

0.7

11

1.8

15

2.5

Sugar/Salt substitutes

2

0.3

14

2.3

16

2.6

Sympathomimetic agents

7

1.2

2

0.3

9

1.5

Thrombolytic agents

–

–

4

0.7

4

0.7

Uricosuric agents

–

–

3

0.5

3

0.5

Total

589

100

606

100

1195

 
  1. a NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, b ACEIs Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and c ORS Oral rehydrating salts