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Table 3 All cause and overdose death before, during and after treatment during different calendar-periods (1997–1999, 2000–2002, 2003–2005 and 2006–2009); crude mortality rates (CMR) per 1000 person-years and 95% confidence interval

From: From restrictive to more liberal: variations in mortality among patients in opioid maintenance treatment over a 12-year period

 

Pre treatment

In treatment

After treatment

n

PY

CMR (CI)

n

PY

CMR (CI)

n

PY

CMR (CI)

1997–1999

 Overdose

21

316

66.5 (38.1–94.9)

25

4566

5.5 (3.3–7.6)

24

553

43.4 (26.1–60.8)

 Non overdose

6

316

19.0 (3.8–34.2)

62

4566

13.6 (10.2–17.0)

21

553

38.0 (21.7–54.3)

 All causes

27

316

85.5 (53.2–117.7)

87

4566

19.1 (15.1–23.1)

45

553

81.4 (57.6–105.2)

2000–20,002

 Overdose

23

1025

22.4 (13.3–31.6)

58

9197

6.3 (4.7–7.9)

66

1729

38.2 (29.0–47.4)

 Non overdose

1

1025

1.0 (0–2.9)

78

9197

8.5 (6.6–10.4)

26

1729

15.0 (9.3–20.8)

 All causes

24

1025

23.4 (14.0–32.8)

136

9197

14.8 (12.3–17.3)

92

1729

53.2 (42.3–64.1)

2003–2005

 Overdose

13

1061

12.3 (5.6–18.9)

53

9796

5.4 (4.0–6.9)

47

1919

24.5 (17.5–31.5)

 Non overdose

7

1061

6.6 (1.7–11.5)

53

9796

5.4 (4.0–6.9)

17

1919

8.9 (4.6–13.1)

 All causes

20

1061

18.9 (10.6–27.1)

106

9796

10.8 (8.8–12.9)

64

1919

33.4 (25.2–41.5)

2006–2009

 Overdose

11

1185

9.3 (3.8–14.8)

24

5613

4.3 (2.6–6.0)

22

2618

8.4 (4.9–11.9)

 Non overdose

7

1185

5.9 (1.4–10.3)

25

5614

4.5 (2.7–6.2)

7

2618

2.7 (0.7–4.7)

 All causes

18

1185

15.2 (8.2–22.2)

49

5614

8.7(6.3–11.2)

29

2618

11.1 (7.0–15.1)