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Table 5 Linear mixed model analyses (TTR calculation based on standard target ranges)a – patient-level covariates

From: Differences in the quality of oral anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonists in German GP practices – results of the cluster-randomized PICANT trial (Primary Care Management for Optimized Antithrombotic Treatment)

Variables

Regression coefficient

95% confidence interval

P valueb

R 2

Age, yearsc

− 0.12

− 0.26; 0.02

0.083

0.09

Male gender

2.99

0.38; 5.60

0.025

0.10

Educational attainment

0.069

0.11

 No educational attainment

Reference

 Vocational training

−47.66

−81.63; −13.68

  

 Vocational on-the-job training

2.63

−1.53; 6.80

  

 On-the-job training combined with school-based education

−0.94

−6.12; 4.24

  

 Education in a technical college

3.19

−1.88; 8.27

  

 Polytechnic degree

1.78

−4.56; 8.11

  

 University degree

3.84

−2.58; 10.26

  

BMI, units

0.14

−0.13; 0.40

0.318

0.08

Smoking

0.953

0.08

 Non-smoker

Reference

 Former smoker

−0.30

−3.04; 2.45

  

 Occasional smoker

0.96

−7.38; 9.30

  

 Regular smoker

−2.01

−8.84; 4.82

  

CHA2DS2-VASc-Score > 1d

3.42

−5.14; 11.98

0.433

0.09

Long-term indication for oral anticoagulation therapye

 Atrial fibrillation/flutter

2.22

−1.06; 5.50

0.185

0.08

 Recurrent venous thromboembolism

−0.81

−5.17; 3.55

0.716

0.08

 Recurrent pulmonary embolism

−2.12

−6.76; 2.53

0.371

0.08

 Mechanical heart prosthesis

−3.27

−8.00; 1.46

0.175

0.08

 Intracardiac thrombus

−0.23

−13.22; 12.75

0.972

0.08

Comorbiditiese

 Ischemic heart disease

−3.42

−6.24; −0.59

0.018

0.09

 Cerebral insult/bleeding

−2.17

−5.68; 1.35

0.227

0.09

 Congestive heart failure

−3.41

−6.31; − 0.51

0.021

0.09

 Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD)

−1.83

−6.43; 2.78

0.436

0.08

 Arterial hypertension

0.00

−3.64; 3.64

1.000

0.08

 Renal insufficiency

−5.76

−9.22; −2.30

0.001

0.10

 Diabetes mellitus

−1.67

−4.38; 1.05

0.228

0.09

 Chronic pulmonary diseases

−5.91

−9.33; −2.49

0.001

0.10

 Diseases of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum

−0.41

−3.89; 3.07

0.818

0.08

 Malignant tumor

−4.31

−9.84; 1.22

0.126

0.09

Compliancef

 Not compliant

Reference

 Moderately compliant

6.41

−2.22; 15.04

0.008

0.10

 Highly compliant

10.87

2.67; 19.06

  

Self-measurement (n = 648)g

 No

Reference

 Yes

5.21

1.74; 8.67

0.003

0.10

Hospitalization

 No

Reference

 Yes

−4.51

−7.09; −1.93

0.001

0.10

Number of days of hospitalizationh

 Per day

−0.09

−0.14; −0.04

0.001

0.10

Occurrence of primary endpointi

−4.78

−8.85; − 0.71

0.021

0.09

  1. aThese analyses are based on n = 688 patients and the models are adjusted via randomization group
  2. bp values marked in bold are statistically significant based on a significance level of 0.05
  3. cAge was calculated from 15/mm/yyyy since the exact birth date was not documented to ensure data privacy
  4. dReference category “= 1” because no “= 0” exists
  5. ePatients may have had more than one indication, and/or more than one comorbidity
  6. fCompliance was assessed for each patient by his GP
  7. gDistinction between self-measurement yes and no, dose adjustment not taken into account
  8. h “Days in hospital in total” (during the study period)
  9. iprimary endpoint = combination of all thromboembolic events requiring hospitalization and major bleeding complications, as documented by GPs in the case report form (if more than one event occurred in a patient, the earliest event was considered)