Healthcare middle managers’ experiences of developing capacity and capability: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

Table 4 Identified meta-synthesis, themes, subthemes and effect sizes

Meta-synthesis: HMMs develop capacity and capability through personal development processes empowered by context
Study number	Theme 1: Personal development of capacity and capability		Theme 2: A need for contextual support
	Effect Size: 96% (22 of 23 studies)		Effect Size: 91% (21 of 23 studies)
	Subtheme 1a: A learning process Effect size: 96% (22 of 23 studies)	Subtheme 1b: Identification as a confident leader Effect size: 78% (18 of 23 studies)	Subtheme 2a: Networking Effect size: 83% (19 of 23 studies)	Subtheme 2b: Empowered by upper management Effect size: 65% (15 of 23 studies)
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21	+	+		+
22	+	+	+
23	+	+		+

(+ indicates the number of studies in which a theme is addressed, while an empty spot indicates that a theme was not addressed)

ISSN: 1472-6963