Model Construct | Variable | Measure | Measure Type | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control Variables | Staff-to-bed ratio | Total number of hospital staff divided by total number of hospital beds | Continuous | Administrative Dataset |
Rural | Indicator of whether a hospital is rural or other (e.g., urban or peri-urban) | Binary: 0 = N; 1 = Y | Administrative Dataset | |
QI team size | Average response to “Estimate the number of people who are on your QI team” | Continuous | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Average age | Average response to “Age (years)” | Continuous | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Hospital staff size | Total number of staff that work at the hospital | Continuous | Administrative Dataset | |
Predictors | ||||
Latent Variable: Perceived Support | Support-1 | It is easy for my team to obtain expert assistance when something comes up that we don’t know how to handle. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire |
Support-2 | My team has the financial resources it needs carry out QI activities. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Support-3 | Leaders at my facility strongly support the work of my team. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Support-4 | Leaders at my facility have made QI a high priority. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Latent Variable: Team Leadership | Lead-1 | There is a person on my team who initiates meetings to discuss the team’s progress. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire |
Lead-2 | There is a person on my team who is available for consultation on problems. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Lead-3 | There is a person on my team who provides feedback on team member performance, identifying strengths and weaknesses. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Latent Variable: Psychological Safety | Safety-1 | All members of the team are encouraged to speak up and ask questions, regardless of their position in the organization. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire |
Safety-2 | We appreciate and build upon our individual differences. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Safety-3 | It is DIFFICULT to ask other members of my team for help. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Safety-4 | People on this team sometimes REJECT OTHERS for being different. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Safety-5 | If you make a mistake on my team, it is often HELD AGAINST YOU. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Latent Variable: Learning Behavior | Learn-1 | My team openly discusses mistakes so that we can learn from them. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire |
Learn-2 | We regularly take time to learn ways to improve how we do our work. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Learn-3 | My team always takes time to stop and reflect on our work. | Aggregate (7-pt. Likert) | QI Team Questionnaire | |
Team Effectiveness | ||||
Latent Variable: QI Implementation | Perform-1 | This team meets or exceeds the expectations of Project Fives Alive. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey |
Perform-2 | This team does superb work. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey | |
Perform-3 | This team keeps getting better and better. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey | |
QI Practice-1 | The team evaluates reasons for variation in how work is carried out. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey | |
QI Practice-2 | The team has made an actual change in the way some aspect of work gets done. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey | |
QI Practice-3 | The team meets frequently to work on quality improvement. | 7-pt. Likert | Project Officer Survey |