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Table 4 Regression models of rehabilitation use and expenditure

From: Utilization and medical costs of outpatient rehabilitation among children with autism spectrum conditions in Taiwan

Variable(reference)

Average of frequencya

IRR (95%CI)

ln(Average annual cost)b

β (95%CI)

ln(Average total annual cost)b

β (95%CI)

Constant

14.054 (9.615–20.542)**

10.024 (9.650–10.398)**

7.492 (7.328–7.656)**

Year(2008)

 2009

1.123 (1.053–1.197)**

0.192 (0.097–0.287)**

0.033 (− 0.001–0.066)

 2010

1.116 (1.047–1.190)**

0.133 (0.035–0.230)*

0.013 (− 0.021–0.046)

Age(preschool age)

 School age

0.812 (0.768–0.858)**

− 0.350 (− 0.433- -0.268)* *

− 0.144 (− 0.172- -0.116)**

Gender (girl)

 Boy

1.009 (0.941–1.083)

− 0.074 (− 0.180–0.031)

− 0.078 (− 0.115- -0.041)**

Medical setting(Medical Center)

 Metropolitan hospital

1.231 (1.128–1.344)**

0.334 (0.205–0.462)**

0.128 (0.079–0.177)**

 Local hospital

1.139 (0.996–1.304)

0.457 (0.264–0.650)**

0.337 (0.268–0.406)**

 Clinic

1.188 (1.026–1.376)*

0.196 (− 0.015–0.406)

0.049 (− 0.026–0.123)

Teaching hospital(no)

 Yes

0.717 (0.638–0.805)**

−0.278 (− 0.443- -0.113)**

0.080 (0.022–0.138)**

Location(East)

 Taipei

1.397 (0.983–1.987)

0.384 (0.067–0.700)*

0.269 (0.118–0.420)**

 North

1.687 (1.182–2.409)**

0.579 (0.251–0.907)**

0.284 (0.130–0.437)**

 Central

1.512 (1.056–2.165)*

0.247 (−0.088–0.582)

0.064 (− 0.092–0.221)

 South

1.434 (0.999–2.059)

0.228 (−0.112–0.568)

0.067 (− 0.094–0.228)

 Kaohsiung and Pingtung

1.704 (1.190–2.441)**

0.625 (0.290–0.959)**

0.307 (0.152–0.461)**

  1. Average frequency: total annual outpatient rehabilitation visits/annual number of patients
  2. Average cost/claim point: average universal outpatient claim
  3. Average total annual cost/claim point: Average cost × average frequency
  4. aNegative binomial model reporting incidence-rate ratios
  5. bNatural logarithm of costs using multiple linear regression
  6. *p < 0.05
  7. **p < 0.01