Table 4 Differences in ALMA scores according to ACQ as well as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics
Overall Mean (SD) | Physical Mean (SD) | Mental Mean (SD) | Environmental Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Theoretical range | 17–67 | 9–27 | 4–15 | 4–16 |
All participants | 38.3 (10.3) | 22.1 (6.0) | 8.6 (3.0) | 7.6 (3.6) |
Emergency visits | ||||
Yes | 33.7 (8.4) | 19.8 (5.3) | 7.3 (2.7) | 6.6 (2.3) |
No | 40.3 (10.4) | 23.1 (6.1) | 9.1 (2.9) | 8.1 (4.0) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.11 |
Hospital admissions | ||||
Yes | 32.8 (7.7) | 19.6(4.9) | 6.8(2.7) | 6.2(1.8) |
No | 39.7 (10.4) | 22.7(6.1) | 9.0(2.9) | 8.0(3.8) |
p-value | 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.10 |
Age | ||||
18–29 | 46.2(9.0) | 25.4(5.8) | 11.2(2.0) | 9.5(3.2) |
30–39 | 38.4(12.0) | 21.3(6.3) | 9.6(3.1) | 7.5(4.0) |
40–49 | 33.4(8.2) | 19.3(4.5) | 7.2(2.6) | 6.8(2.6) |
50–64 | 36.4(8.6) | 21.7(5.7) | 8.1(2.6) | 6.5(2.4) |
65 and over | 37.5(10.9) | 22.0(6.3) | 7.0(2.8) | 8.5(5.0) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
Education | ||||
Primary | 39.3(10.8) | 23.5(6.7) | 7.9(2.6) | 7.9(2.9) |
Secondary | 35.4(10.0) | 20.2(5.7) | 7.9(2.9) | 7.3(4.0) |
Undergraduate | 40.6(9.0) | 23.7(5.0) | 9.5(3.0) | 7.4(3.3) |
Postgraduate | 42.5(10.2) | 23.2(5.7) | 10.6(2.8) | 8.7(3.3) |
p-value | 0.16 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.449 |
Smoking | ||||
Current | 43.0(11.2) | 22.8(6.6) | 10.0(3.3) | 10.2(4.3) |
Past | 36.9(10.5) | 21.8(6.2) | 8.0(2.8) | 7.2(3.2) |
Never | 36.2(8.8) | 21.8(5.5) | 8.0(2.5) | 6.3(2.4) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.368 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ACQ scores quartiles | ||||
Q1: < 0.5 | 48.1 (7.9) | 27.8 (4.4) | 10.6 (2.5) | 9.6 (3.5) |
Q2: 0.5–1.2 | 38.8 (8.0) | 21.3 (4.2) | 8.8 (2.8) | 8.5 (4.7) |
Q3: 1.2–2.5 | 35.3 (5.7) | 21.3 (3.9) | 7.7 (2.1) | 6.2 (2.1) |
Q4: > 2.5 | 29.3 (7.5) | 16.7 (4.6) | 6.7 (2.7) | 5.8 (2.0) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |