Table 2 The relationship between Work Environment and patient safety culture(N = 377)

Working experience^‡

1–2 year^a

3.39 ± 0.03

3.77 ± 0.05

3.50 ± 0.05

3.59 ± 0.05

2.66 ± 0.07

3.63 ± 0.05

3.32 ± 0.05

3.52 ± 0.06

3.16 ± 0.08

3–8 year^b

3.39 ± 0.03

3.63 ± 0.04

3.60 ± 0.05

3.63 ± 0.05

2.69 ± 0.08

3.67 ± 0.04

3.23 ± 0.05

3.50 ± 0.05

3.18 ± 0.08

≥9 year^c

3.39 ± 0.05

3.67 ± 0.06

3.55 ± 0.07

3.44 ± 0.07

2.68 ± 0.11

3.68 ± 0.07

3.29 ± 0.06

3.46 ± 0.09

3.37 ± 0.13

p-value

0.99

0.08

0.41

0.13

0.96

0.834

0.45

0.81

0.35

Working hours per week^†

≤ 40 h

3.45 ± 0.39

3.78 ± 0.52

3.58 ± 0.65

3.62 ± 0.61

2.82 ± 0.90

3.69 ± 0.59

3.16 ± 0.66

3.57 ± 0.72

3.37 ± 1.03

>  40 h

3.36 ± 0.40

3.64 ± 0.55

3.53 ± 0.59

3.56 ± 0.65

2.59 ± 0.95

3.63 ± 0.62

3.35 ± 0.54

3.46 ± 0.68

3.11 ± 1.01

p-value

0.03^*

0.01^*

0.43

0.32

0.02^*

0.34

< 0.001^*

0.14

0.02^*

Dental institution type^†

Clinic-level

3.43 ± 0.02

3.68 ± 0.04

3.58 ± 0.04

3.61 ± 0.04

2.81 ± 0.06

3.70 ± 0.04

3.23 ± 0.04

3.42 ± 0.05

3.42 ± 0.07

Hospital-level

3.34 ± 0.04

3.71 ± 0.04

3.52 ± 0.04

3.54 ± 0.05

2.51 ± 0.07

3.60 ± 0.05

3.34 ± 0.05

3.61 ± 0.05

2.93 ± 0.07

p-value

0.033^*

0.56

0.35

0.256

< 0.001^*

0.13

0.09

0.01^*

0.001^*

Number of unit chair^‡

≤ 7^a

3.48 ± 0.04

3.78 ± 0.05

3.69 ± 0.06

3.74 ± 0.06

2.83 ± 0.09

3.78 ± 0.05

3.11 ± 0.06

3.49 ± 0.06

3.40 ± 0.10

8-13^b

3.31 ± 0.04

3.58 ± 0.05

3.38 ± 0.07

3.44 ± 0.07

2.53 ± 0.09

3.56 ± 0.06

3.19 ± 0.07

3.45 ± 0.07

3.38 ± 0.11

14-25^c

3.32 ± 0.04

3.59 ± 0.05

3.50 ± 0.06

3.51 ± 0.07

2.79 ± 0.10

3.49 ± 0.07

3.32 ± 0.04

3.32 ± 0.08

3.08 ± 0.09

≥ 26^d

3.44 ± 0.05

3.80 ± 0.06

3.60 ± 0.06

3.59 ± 0.06

2.53 ± 0.11

3.76 ± 0.07

3.53 ± 0.06

3.76 ± 0.07

2.93 ± 0.11

p-value

0.01^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

0.01^*

0.03^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

Scheffe

a > b

a > b

a > b

a > c

a,b < d

b,c < d

d < a,b

Number of patients per day per dental hygienist^†

≤8 Patients

3.48 ± 0.04

3.85 ± 0.05

3.71 ± 0.05

3.70 ± 0.06

2.58 ± 0.09

3.84 ± 0.05

3.32 ± 0.05

3.65 ± 0.06

3.17 ± 0.10

> 8 Patients

3.35 ± 0.02

3.61 ± 0.03

3.47 ± 0.04

3.51 ± 0.04

2.73 ± 0.06

3.56 ± 0.04

3.26 ± 0.04

3.43 ± 0.04

3.22 ± 0.06

p-value

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

0.14

< 0.001^*

0.37

0.01^*

0.64

Certification evaluation of dental institution^†

Certification

3.39 ± 0.04

3.77 ± 0.05

3.52 ± 0.06

3.61 ± 0.06

2.55 ± 0.10

3.66 ± 0.06

3.52 ± 0.06

3.67 ± 0.07

2.86 ± 0.09

Non certification

3.39 ± 0.02

3.67 ± 0.03

3.56 ± 0.04

3.57 ± 0.04

2.73 ± 0.05

3.65 ± 0.04

3.18 ± 0.03

3.44 ± 0.04

3.35 ± 0.06

p-value

0.97

0.10

0.68

0.553

0.09

0.98

< 0.001^*

< 0.001^*

0.001^*