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Table 3 Working definitions of Normalization Process Theory concepts [27]

From: What helped and hindered implementation of an intervention package to reduce smoking in pregnancy: process evaluation guided by normalization process theory

Concept

Key attribute

Working definition

Coherence

Sense-making

The extent to which individuals really understand all the elements of the intervention and the reasons for adopting the new system

Cognitive participation

Engagement

The extent to which individuals believe in or ‘buy into’ the innovation and start to prepare for it

Collective action

Enacting

What happens when the innovation is operationalised

Reflexive monitoring

Appraisal

The act of keeping an innovation under review and adapting it intelligently to changing circumstances