Table 1 Characteristics of studied population at the time entering each complication cohort
Characteristics | No complication | One or two complications | Three complications or more |
|---|---|---|---|
(N, (%)) | (N, (%)) | (N, (%)) | |
N | 20,039 | 14,866 | 10,730 |
Age group (years) | |||
45–59 | 9223 (46.0) | 3849 (25.9) | 1869 (17.4) |
60–74 | 8650 (43.2) | 7178 (48.3) | 4708 (43.9) |
≥ 75 | 2166 (10.8) | 3839 (25.8) | 4153 (38.7) |
Gender | |||
Female | 9741 (48.6) | 7263 (48.8) | 5000 (46.6) |
Male | 10,298 (51.4) | 7603 (51.1) | 5730 (53.4) |
Indigenous status | |||
No | 17,911 (95.9) | 13,937(93.7) | 9880 (92.1) |
Yes | 771 (4.1) | 929 (6.2) | 850 (7.9) |
SEIFA | |||
Highest Disadvantage | 3951 (19.8) | 3232 (21.9) | 2445 (22.9) |
High disadvantaged | 5540 (27.8) | 4302(29.1) | 3128 (29.3) |
Moderate disadvantage | 2792 (14.0) | 2126 (14.4 | 1496 (14.0) |
Less disadvantage | 3205 (16.1) | 2226 (15.1) | 1582 (14.8) |
Least disadvantage | 4412 (22.2) | 2876 (19.5) | 2005 (18.8) |
Accessibility | |||
Very remote | 553 (2.8) | 606 (4.1) | 525 (4.9) |
Remote | 359 (1.8) | 277 (2.0) | 186 (1.7) |
Moderate | 945 (4.7) | 772 (5.2) | 603 (5.6) |
Accessible | 1039 (5.2) | 843 (5.7) | 627 (5.9) |
Highly accessible | 17,004 (85.4) | 12,265 (83.0) | 8716 (81.9) |
Number of comorbidity | |||
Mean (SD) | 3.0 (2.9) | 5.7 (3.1) | 8.3 (3.1) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | |||
Mean (SD); | 5.4 (3.8) | 7.2 (4.2) | 9.2 (4.7) |
Regularity quantiles | |||
No regularity | 4765 (23.8) | 3150 (21.2) | 2382 (22.2) |
Quantile 1 | 3833 (19.1) | 2776 (18.7) | 2082 (19.4) |
Quantile 2 | 3850 (19.2) | 2873(19.3) | 2070 (19.3) |
Quantile 3 | 3772 (18.8) | 2975 (20.0) | 2116 (19.7) |
Quantile 4 | 3819 (19.0) | 3092 (20.8) | 2080 (19.4) |
Average time to a GP visit (months) Mean (SD) | 3.6 (3.2) | 2.8 (2.5) | 2.4 (2.1) |
Frequency of GP visits Mean (SD) | 4.7 (2.8) | 5.1 (3.0) | 5.2 (3.2) |
Number of specialist visits Mean (SD) | 2.4 (4.1) | 4.5 (6.5) | 5.5 (9.2) |
Number of non-diabetes related hospitalization | 0.35 (1.57) | 0.72 (2.3) | 1.04 (1.85) |
Number of diabetes related hospitalization | 0.03 (1.06) | 0.53 (1.7) | 1.8 (10.8) |
Average costs per diabetes related hospitalizations (2014 A$) (Mean (SD)) | 4381.2 (3828.7) | 5185.5 (5492.7) | 8192.7 (8992.6) |
Min-Max | 800.8–38,842.4 | 748.8–128,552.6 | 598.2–144,061.3 |
Average costs per non-diabetes related hospitalizations (2014 A$) (Mean (SD)) | 3993.3 (4132.2) | 5637.4 (7964.4) | 7756.2 (12,172.2) |
Min-Max | 393.4–61,680.1 | 393.4–142,694.4 | 662.2–227,080.1 |