Variables | Â | General Sample N (%) | SSS Sample N (%) | Significance of the differences between the samples | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any symptoms of illness during the past 12 months |  | N = 320 | N = 320 |  | |
Yes = 1 | 123 (38.4%) | 177 (55.3%) | 0.000 a | ||
No = 0 | 197 (61.6%) | 143 (44.7%) |  | ||
Seek/receive health care services during the past 12 months (physician visit or hospitalization) |  | N = 123 | N = 177 |  | |
Yes = 1 | 107 (87.0%) | 160 (90.4%) | 0.322 a | ||
No = 0 | 17 (13%) | 17 (9.6%) |  | ||
Types of services received (excluding respondents who did not seek/receive health services during the past 12 months) |  | N = 107 | N = 160 |  | |
Nearby health center | 21 (19.6%) | 26 (16.3%) | Â | ||
General Practitioner | 36 (33.6%) | 72 (45.0%) | Â | ||
Outpatient care (public) | 8 (7.5%) | 8 (5.0%) | Â | ||
Outpatient care (private) | 34 (31.8%) | 7 (4.4%) | Â | ||
Hospital | 5 (4.7%) | 7 (4.4%) | Â | ||
Traditional healer | 1 (0.9%) | – |  | ||
Abroad | 2 (1.9%) | – |  | ||
Clinic in industry | – | 1 (0.6%) |  | ||
NGO owned hospital | – | 1(0.6%) |  | ||
Go to Health Assistant | – | 1 (0.6%) |  | ||
SSS clinic | Â | 37 (23.1%) | Â | ||
Reasons to choose health facility (excluding respondents who received health care from traditional healer and others) |  |  | N = 104 | N = 120 |  |
Close facility | Yes = 1 | 55 (52.9%) | 70 (58.3%) | 0.414 a | |
 | No = 0 | 49 (47.1%) | 50 (41.7%) |  | |
Low cost | Yes = 1 | 16 (15.4%) | 11 (9.2%) |  | |
 | No = 0 | 88 (84.6%) | 109 (90.8%) | 0.155 a | |
Short waiting time | Yes = 1 | 5 (4.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.067 a | |
 | No = 0 | 99 (95.2%) | 119 (99.2%) |  | |
Best quality | Yes = 1 | 29 (27.9%) | 15 (12.5%) | 0.004 a | |
 | No = 0 | 75 (72.1%) | 105 (87.5%) |  | |
Recommended | Yes = 1 | 9 (8.7%) | 13 (10.8%) | 0.585 a | |
 | No = 0 | 95 (91.3%) | 107 (89.2%) |  | |
Brought by someone | Yes = 1 | 6 (5.8%) | 7 (5.8%) | 0.984 a | |
 | No = 0 | 98 (94.2%) | 113 (94.2%) |  | |
Others | Yes = 1 | 8 (7.7%) | 16 (13.3%) | 0.174 a | |
 | No = 0 | 96 (92.3%) | 104 (86.7%) |  | |
Distance between health facility and resident (minutes) |  | N = 104 | N = 120 |  | |
Median | 15 | 15 | 0.259 b | ||
Mean | 28 | 34 | Â | ||
SD | 36 | 40 | Â | ||
Waiting time at the facility (minutes) |  | N = 104 | N = 120 |  | |
Median | 30 | 15 | 0.007 b | ||
Mean | 46 | 29 | Â | ||
SD | 53 | 39 | Â | ||
Satisfaction with the quality of health care received | Very good | 11 (10.6%) | 11 (9.2%) | Â | |
Good | 73 (70.2%) | 74 (61.7%) | 0.256 b | ||
Normal | 17 (16.3%) | 34 (28.3%) | Â | ||
Poor | 3 (2.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | Â | ||
Payment method for health services used |  |  | N = 104 | N = 120 |  |
Social security scheme (SSS) | Yes = 1 | – | 109 (90.8%) | 0.002 a | |
No = 0 | 104 (100%) | 11 (9.2%) |  | ||
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) | Yes = 1 | – | – |  | |
No = 0 | 104 (100%) | 120 (100%) | 1.000 a | ||
Out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) | Yes = 1 | 102 (98.1%) | 110 (91.7%) |  | |
No = 0 | 2 (1.9%) | 10 (8.3%) | 0.034 a | ||
Other (e.g. helping by relatives or employers) | Yes = 1 | 2 (1.9%) | – |  | |
No = 0 | 102 (98.1%) | 120 (100%) | 0.128 a | ||
Total out-of-pocket expenditure for health care received (MMK) c (includes respondents who used out-of-pocket payment to cover the expenditure for receiving health care) |  | N = 100 missing = 2 | N = 109 missing = 1 |  | |
Median | 8000 | 4500 | 0.050 b | ||
Mean | 247,582 | 31,728 | Â | ||
SD | 1,091,442 | 88,410 | Â | ||
Amount of money paid out of pocket for medicinal used (MMK)c |  | N = 93 missing = 9 | N = 106 missing = 4 |  | |
Median | 15,000 | 3000 | 0.039 b | ||
Mean | 192,113 | 37,073 | Â | ||
SD | 709,785 | 117,252 | Â | ||
Borrowed money to cover the expenditure of health care used |  | N = 102 | N = 110 |  | |
Yes | 14 (13.7%) | 14 (12.7%) | 0.873 a | ||
No | 87 (85.3%) | 95 (86.4%) | Â | ||
Missing | 1 (1%) | 1 (0.9%) | Â | ||
Amount of borrowed money to cover the expenditure of health care used (MMK)c (includes respondents who borrowed money to pay for receiving health care) |  | N = 14 | N = 13 missing = 1 |  | |
Median | 72,500 | 40,000 | 0.119 b | ||
Mean | 527,286 | 90,192 | Â | ||
SD | 964,538 | 145,704 | Â | ||
Sold properties to cover the expenditure of health care used |  | N = 102 | N = 110 |  | |
Yes | 2 (2.0%) | 4 (3.6%) | 0.620 a | ||
No | 79 (77.5%) | 105 (95.5%) | Â | ||
Missing | 21 (20.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | Â | ||
Amount of money from the sold assets to cover the expenditure of health care used (MMK) c (includes respondents who sold properties to pay for receiving health care) |  | N = 2 | N = 3 missing = 1 |  | |
Median | 112,500 | 70,000 | 0.692 b | ||
Mean | 112,500 | 78,333 | Â | ||
SD | 123,744 | 57,951 | Â |