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Table 1 Patient characteristics and their association with residence in rental flats

From: Outpatient primary and tertiary healthcare utilisation among public rental housing residents in Singapore

 

Stayed in public rental flat (n = 10,400)

Not stayed in public rental flat (n = 136,705)

All (n = 147,105)

p value

Patient Demographics in Year 2012

Age, Mean (SD)

54.8 (18.0)

49.8 (17.1)

50.2 (17.2)

< 0.001

Gender

< 0.001

 Female (%)

5121 (49.2)

79,813 (58.4)

84,934 (57.7)

 

 Male (%)

5279 (50.8)

56,892 (41.6)

62,171 (42.3)

 

Ethnicity

< 0.001

 Chinese (%)

6367 (61.3)

109,089 (79.8)

115,456 (78.5)

 

 Indian (%)

1185 (10.0)

10,078 (7.4)

11,263 (7.7)

 

 Malay (%)

2526 (24.3)

12,056 (8.8)

14,582 (9.9)

 

 Others (%)

322 (3.1)

5482 (4.0)

5804 (3.9)

 

 Deaths (%)

1063 (10.2)

5659 (4.1)

6722 (4.6)

< 0.001

Medical Comorbidities in Year 2012

 Diabetes without complications (%)

2023 (19.5)

18,785 (13.7)

20,808 (14.1)

< 0.001

 Hypertension (%)

3983 (38.3)

39,074 (28.6)

43,057 (29.3)

< 0.001

 Hyperlipidemia (%)

3503 (33.7)

38,934 (28.5)

42,437 (28.8)

< 0.001

 Asthma (%)

708 (6.8)

4250 (3.1)

4958 (3.4)

< 0.001

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (%)

700 (6.7)

2385 (1.7)

3085 (2.1)

< 0.001

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with cor pulmonale (%)

603 (5.8)

1971 (1.4)

2574 (1.7)

< 0.001

 Osteoarthritis (%)

1626 (15.6)

15,161 (11.1)

16,787 (11.4)

< 0.001

 Hyperthyroidism (%)

69 (0.7)

1121 (0.8)

1190 (0.8)

0.086

 Hypothyroidism (%)

132 (1.3)

1782 (1.3)

1914 (1.3)

0.766

 Diabetes with complications (%)

279 (2.7)

1890 (1.3)

2169 (1.5)

< 0.001

 Cerebrovascular accident (%)

689 (6.6)

4484 (3.3)

5173 (3.5)

< 0.001

 Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–4 (%)

486 (4.7)

4128 (3.0)

4614 (3.1)

< 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease stage V or End-stage renal failure (%)

268 (2.6)

1539 (1.8)

1807 (1.2)

< 0.001

 Depression (%)

401 (3.9)

2409 (1.8)

2810 (1.9)

< 0.001

 Schizophrenia (%)

151 (1.5)

410 (0.3)

561 (0.4)

< 0.001

 Dementia (%)

63 (0.6)

450 (0.3)

513 (0.3)

< 0.001

 Bipolar disease (%)

2 (0.02)

30 (0.02)

32 (0.02)

0.856

 Anxiety (%)

102 (0.8)

1188 (0.9)

1290 (0.9)

0.239

 Collagen vascular disease (%)

67 (1.0)

450 (0.3)

517 (0.4)

< 0.001

 Parkinson disease (%)

50 (0.5)

431 (0.3)

481 (0.3)

0.004

 Epilepsy (%)

127 (1.2)

588 (0.4)

715 (0.5)

< 0.001

 Coronary heart disease (%)

1047 (10.1)

8462 (6.2)

9509 (6.5)

< 0.001

 Atrial fibrillation (%)

150 (1.4)

1136 (0.8)

1286 (0.9)

< 0.001

 Heart failure (%)

379 (3.6)

1187 (0.9)

2196 (1.5)

< 0.001

 Peripheral vascular disease (%)

161 (1.6)

963 (0.7)

1124 (0.8)

< 0.001

 Hip fracture (%)

53 (0.5)

226 (0.2)

279 (0.2)

< 0.001

 Spine fracture (%)

71 (0.7)

381 (0.3)

452 (0.3)

< 0.001

 Chronic liver disease (%)

137 (1.3)

937 (0.7)

1074 (0.7)

< 0.001

 Pressure ulcer (%)

39 (0.4)

204 (0.2)

243 (0.2)

< 0.001

 Non-metastatic malignancy (%)

365 (3.5)

4519 (3.3)

4884 (3.3)

0.268

 Metastatic malignancy (%)

73 (0.7)

770 (0.6)

843 (0.6)

0.071

Past 1-year Healthcare Utilization in 2011

 Polyclinic attendances

  Number of visits, mean (SD)

3.12 (6.02)

2.40 (3.98)

2.45 (4.16)

0.001

 Specialist outpatient clinic attendances

  Number of visits, mean (SD)

2.16 (5.47)

2.53 (5.66)

2.50 (5.65)

< 0.001

Emergency department attendances

  Number of visits, mean (SD)

0.43 (1.67)

0.13 (0.58)

0.15 (0.72)

< 0.001

Hospital admissions

  Number of visits, mean (SD)

0.26 (1.00)

0.11 (0.49)

0.12 (0.54)

< 0.001