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Table 1 Direct, indirect, cumulative and lifetime costs generated by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection

From: The role of insurance providers in supporting treatment and management of hepatitis C patients

Country/Reference

Direct costs

Indirect costs

Cumulative cost

Lifetime cost

USA [9]

  

$6.5 ($4.3–8.4) billion, increasing to $9.1 ($6.4–13.3) billion in 2024

$64,490

Canada [10]

56–81% (due to cirrhosis and its complications)

19–44%

 

$64,694

Germany [11]

Mean total cost per patient for hepatic complications €556–1425, for extra-hepatic complications €1921-3547, for chronic HCV €116–577, for non-chronic HCV-related pharmacy costs €1479–3719

 

Mean total cost per patient €5430-10,108

 

Belgium [12]

€126 million (€30–257 million)

 

€1850 million

 

France [13]

84% (47% due to liver cirrhosis, 18% to hepatocarcinoma and 19% to liver transplantation)

16%

€65,956,938

 

Spain [14]

71.5%

28.5%

Mean total cost per patient €3198

 

UK [15]

   

£97,555–125,359 for disability, £26,424–32,235 for healthcare

Ireland [16]

  

Mean total cost per patient €38,286–62,457 (interferon-based regimen), €55,734–81,873 (interferon-free regimen)

 

Italy [17]

39.4%

60.6%

€1.06 billion

 

Iran [18]

Total annual cost per patient USD1625.50, USD6,117.2, and USD11,047.2 for chronic HCV, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma

   

Worldwide [19]

Median cost of liver transplantation $139,070 ($15,430-443,700), refractory ascites $16,740 ($8990-35,940), hepatocellular carcinoma $15,310 ($3370-84,710), decompensated cirrhosis $14,660 ($3810-48,360), variceal hemorrhage $12,190 ($3550-46,120), hepatic encephalopathy $9180 ($5370-50,120), diuretic sensitive ascites $3400 ($1320-7470), compensated cirrhosis $820 ($50–2890), and chronic hepatitis C $280 ($90–1860).

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