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Table 2 Results of FE poisson regressions (with GP and specialist visits as outcome measures; waves 2–4)

From: The association between voluntary work and health care use among older adults in Germany

 

Independent variables

GP visits

Specialist visits

Predisposing factors

Other marital statuses (ref.: Married, living together with spouse)

0.0178 (0.0563)

−0.0050 (0.0578)

Retired (ref.: Working)

0.1458** (0.0507)

−0.0118 (0.0455)

Other: not employed

0.1822*** (0.0521)

0.0847+ (0.0449)

Age (in years)

−0.0054+ (0.0032)

−0.0086*** (0.0029)

Enabling resources

(Log) monthly equivalent net income

0.0546 (0.0409)

0.0473 (0.0377)

Self-rated accessibility of doctors and pharmacies (ref.: No accessibility)

0.0172 (0.0306)

0.0052 (0.0291)

Need factors

Underweight (ref.: Normal weight)

0.2651+ (0.1504)

−0.0557 (0.1597)

Overweight

−0.0123 (0.0421)

−0.0649+ (0.0384)

Obesity

−0.0416 (0.0612)

−0.0443 (0.0621)

Self-rated health (from “very good” to “very bad”)

0.1706*** (0.0180)

0.1449*** (0.0175)

Number of chronic diseases

0.0619*** (0.0094)

0.0596*** (0.0091)

Currently smoking (ref.: Currently not smoking)

−0.0684 (0.0652)

−0.0782 (0.0570)

Volunteering

Volunteer involvement (ref.: No volunteer involvement)

0.0066 (0.0360)

0.0625* (0.0300)

Observations

6586

7068

Number of individuals

3013

3233

  1. Notes: Beta coefficients were reported; Cluster-robust standard errors in parentheses
  2. Ref. = Reference, GP = General practitioner
  3. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10