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Table 6 Multivariate Regression Models of good governance and other independent variables on underweight among children age 6–59 months in Ethiopia

From: Good governance, public health expenditures, urbanization and child undernutrition Nexus in Ethiopia: an ecological analysis

Variables

Model_1

Model_2

Odds ratio

R. Sta. err

P-value

Odds ratio

R. Sta. err

P-value

Government effectiveness

17.31

28.65

0.085

72.2

114.9

0.007

Regulatory quality

0.012

0.028

0.062

0.0015

0.003

0.004

Control corruption

0.004

0.006

0.002

0.0005

0.0009

0.000

Region

(Tigray region is ref.)

Affar

   

1.135

0.117

0.001

Amhara

   

1.07

0.076

0.311

Oromiya

   

0.810

0.056

0.002

Somali

   

1.044

0.090

0.619

Beni-Gumuz

   

1.145

0.094

0.100

SNNP

   

1.002

0.699

0.972

Gambela

   

0.730

0.067

0.001

Harari

   

0.574

0.066

0.000

Addis Ababa

   

0.475

0.061

0.000

Dire Dawa

   

0.894

0.092

0.275

Sex (Male is ref.)

Female

   

0.867

0.023

0.000

Partner’s education level (Ref. No education)

Primary

   

0.875

0.030

0.000

Secondary

   

0.783

0.050

0.000

Higher

   

0.645

0.073

0.000

Current age of child

(0 years is ref.)

1 years

   

2.389

0.106

0.000

2 years

   

2.704

0.116

0.000

3 years

   

2.408

0.109

0.000

4 years

   

2.471

0.113

0.000

Wealth index

Quintile (Poorest is ref.)

Poorer

   

0.888

0.038

0.006

Middle

   

0.857

0.037

0.000

Richer

   

0.754

0.036

0.000

Richest

   

0.716

0.043

0.000

Toilet type (Unimproved is ref.)

Improved/modern sanitation

   

0.791

0.042

0.000

Drinking source (Unimproved is ref.)

Improved source of drinking water

   

0.932

0.050

0.196

Residence (Urban is ref.)

Rural

   

1.25

0.102

0.007

Highest educational level of the respondents (illiterate is ref.)

Primary

   

0.853

0.037

0.000

Secondary

   

0.572

0.056

0.000

Higher

   

0.366

0.084

0.000

No of children under five (≤ 2 is ref.)

> 2

   

0.844

0.034

0.000

Parity (parity≤3 is ref.)

Parity more than 3

   

1.24

0.049

0.000

Sex of household head (Male is ref.)

Female

   

1.056

0.043

0.178

Respondent’s occupation (Not working is ref.)

Paid working

   

0.990

0.044

0.380

Agricultural

   

1.012

0.040

0.770

Partner’s occupation (Not working is ref.)

Paid working

   

1.022

0.082

0.782

Agricultural

   

1.088

0.085

0.280

Age of women

(15–19 is the ref.)

20–24

   

0.976

0.082

0.773

25–29

   

0.973

0.084

0.750

30–34

   

1.00

0.089

0.999

35–39

   

0.914

0.086

0.336

40–44

   

0.900

0.091

0.300

45–49

   

0.769

0.095

0.033

No of household members

(ref. is 1–3 members)

4–6 members

   

0.964

0.051

0.495

>  7 members

   

0.934

0.056

0.254

R2

 

0.0137

0.0744